Introduction
GREAT CAREERS HAPPEN ON PURPOSE,
NOT BY ACCIDENT
The vast majority of forensic science professionals working today, in my opinion, are living out careers that differ sharply from what they first expected. I include myself in this company because, in a million years, I never could have imagined how my career would unfold. As a young college student learning under the tutelage of Dr. Jay Siegel at Michigan State University, it would have been impossible for me to anticipate the opportunities I would have, the challenges I would confront, the crimes I would investigate, the evidence I would analyze, the people I would meet, the situations I would encounter, and the twists and turns my career would take when I least expected them.
If it hasn’t already, your career will take its share of twists and turns too. Who you become as a forensic science professional will result from the accumulation of experiences, both expected and unexpected, that will weave themselves into a complicated but majestic tapestry of knowledge, skills, insights, opinions, sentiments, thoughts, ideas, and emotions. At any one moment, you may find yourself reflecting on your career and realizing that your body of expertise is entirely and completely unique. No other human being on the planet will have amassed the same compilation of professional memories as you. Every day you continue to work as a forensic scientist will strengthen, deepen, and broaden your expertise. You will find, as I did, that the uniqueness of your expertise will manifest itself subtly in the resulting uniqueness of the opportunities and challenges you encounter along the way. These opportunities and challenges will require you to make decisions, and those decisions will influence how your career unfolds.
Forensic science is not as easy as outsiders find it interesting. There are occupational dynamics inherent to the experience of working in forensic science that require mental, emotional, and even physical stamina. Obvious to most people is the emotional strain of witnessing the horrors of violent crime. Some forensic science professionals are confronted with this more than others, especially those who visit crime scenes or observe autopsies. For others, the experience of testifying as an expert witness in a court of law is especially unnerving. Yet, in my experience, these do not represent the most difficult parts of working in forensic science.
For me and for many others with whom I’ve discussed the challenges of working in forensic science, perhaps the most frustrating is working within a criminal justice system that, at times, seems to make absolutely no sense. It is adversarial, turbulent, reactive, cynical, inefficient, highly political, and populated with some gruff personalities and insatiable egos who seem to go out of their way to be as unpleasant as possible. And for the civilian / non-sworn forensic science professionals working in police agencies, reporting to police commanders having little experience or interest in science requires an almost superhuman degree of personal patience and diplomacy.
But for all of the frustrations one encounters in a forensic science career, in a strange way they are also what make it so rewarding – if you are willing to accept the challenge. As forensic science professionals, we are graced with the honor and privilege of being beacons of light within a raging storm. Within a powerful institution dominated by cops and lawyers, we get to advance the cause ofscience – politely insistent on meeting our responsibilities to give a voice to physical evidence that cannot speak for itself. We are translators, of sorts, helping criminal justice authorities understand the hidden messages that only scientific methods can decipher.
The key, therefore, to enjoying a meaningful and satisfying career in forensic science is embracing the chaos and putting it in its proper place. Chaos should not impair you. It’s nothing more than a playing field, something you shouldn’t take personally or be consumed by. It is what it is and there is nothing you or I can do to change it. Just as football players play on a football field and volleyball players play on a volleyball court, forensic science professionalsplay in the rough and tumble of the criminal justice system.
If you’re inclined to think this chaos is singularly challenging for those working in forensic science, it is even harder on the leaders and administrators in charge of forensic science organizations. At the outset, I wish to encourage you to be empathetic and supportive of your organization’s administrators as they attempt to negotiate the political, economic, and legal nuances of contemporary criminal justice. One day it could beyou in charge, and you will expect the same courtesy of the people you are leading.
There is a lot about criminal justice that is broken, about which I wrote extensively inCrime Lab Report. The good news, however, is that it is slowly changing for the better. It is my opinion that the growing dependence of police, prosecutors, defenders, and judges on scientific evidence is among the many forces that are driving positive change. Criminal justice is becoming increasingly professional. So, the best thing you can do isbe a professional,be competent, andbe as ethical as possible in everything you do and in every situation you encounter. The rest will take care of itself in good time.
This means, of course, you should expect your career to place you in a variety of situations that will demand wise decision-making on your part. The quality of the choices you make will predict the quality of the outcomes you and others will experience. Some of these choices will be specific, such as what method to employ in the analysis of an unusual piece of evidence. They may also be broad and professionally significant, such as the decision to engage in secondary employment as a faculty adjunct at a local community college. Everything about your career and the value you derive from that career will arise from the choices you make.
This, of course, invites a few reasonable questions: What are some of the most impactful but common situations in which forensic science professionals may find themselves having to make difficult choices? Can we predict what these situations might be so that you can be better prepared, enhancing your chances of making the right decisions when circumstances require them? The answer to each question is an emphaticyes, and it’s why this book was written.
I began my career in forensic science as an unpaid college intern at the Michigan State Police forensic science laboratory in Sterling Heights, Michigan. The lab has since been closed and its operations relocated to a facility in Detroit. Earning twelve college credits and no money for my labors, I was assigned to the latent print unit where I conducted research on how fluorescing dye stains performed on different substrates when used to develop latent fingerprints. It was during the summer of 1992, a time during which communities in the metropolitan Detroit area were on the lookout for a man believed to have murdered multiple prostitutes, leaving their bodies to decompose in the hot summer sun. During the autopsy of one victim, the medical examiner severed both hands from the body so they could be sent to the nearby Sterling Heights laboratory. The advanced decomposition and wrinkling of the skin negated the possibility that ink-rolled fingerprints could be collected a