| Contents | 5 |
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| Preface | 7 |
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| Chapter 1 Max and Emmy Noether: Mathematics in Erlangen | 22 |
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| 1.1 Max Noether’s early Career | 23 |
| 1.2 Academic Antisemitism | 27 |
| 1.3 Emmy Noether’s Uphill Climb | 36 |
| 1.4 Classical vs. Modern Invariant Theory | 44 |
| 1.5 Max Noether’s Career in Retrospect | 56 |
| Chapter 2 Emmy Noether’s Long Struggle to Habilitate in Göttingen | 60 |
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| 2.1 Opportunities for Women in Göttingen, 1890–1914 | 60 |
| 2.2 Habilitation as the Last Hurdle | 65 |
| 2.3 Noether’s Attempt to Habilitate | 69 |
| Chapter 3 Emmy Noether’s Role in the Relativity Revolution | 84 |
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| 3.1 Einstein’s Road to General Relativity | 85 |
| 3.2 Hilbert’s Approach to Einstein’s Theory | 88 |
| 3.3 Einstein reads Hilbert | 91 |
| 3.4 Klein’s Interests in General Relativity | 94 |
| 3.5 Noether on Invariant Variational Problems | 100 |
| 3.6 On the Slow Reception of Noether’s Theorems | 106 |
| Chapter 4 Noether’s Early Contributions to Modern Algebra | 110 |
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| 4.1 On the Rise of Abstract Algebra | 110 |
| 4.2 Noether’s Contributions to Abstract Ideal Theory | 113 |
| 4.3 Noether’s Ideal Theory and the Theorem of LaskerNoether | 117 |
| 4.4 Van der Waerden in Göttingen | 119 |
| 4.5 Pavel Alexandrov and Pavel Urysohn | 127 |
| 4.6 Brouwer and the Two Russians | 130 |
| 4.7 Urysohn’s Tragic Death | 133 |
| 4.8 Helping a Needy Friend | 136 |
| Chapter 5 Noether’s International School in Modern Algebra | 142 |
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| 5.1 Mathematics at “The Klie” | 142 |
| 5.2 The Takagi Connection | 146 |
| 5.3 Bologna ICM and Semester in Moscow | 149 |
| 5.4 Helmut Hasse and the Marburg Connection | 155 |
| 5.5 Takagi and Class Field Theory | 158 |
| 5.6 Collaboration with Hasse and Brauer | 160 |
| 5.7 Noether’s “Wish List” for Favorite Foreigners | 166 |
| 5.8 Paul Dubreil and the French Connection | 171 |
| Chapter 6 Emmy Noether’s Triumphal Years | 175 |
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| 6.1 The Marburg “Schiefkongress” | 175 |
| 6.2 Rockefeller and the IEB Program | 179 |
| 6.3 Birth of the Brauer-Hasse-Noether Theorem | 183 |
| 6.4 Olga Taussky and the Hilbert Edition | 190 |
| 6.5 From Vienna to Göttingen | 192 |
| 6.6 Taussky on Hilbert’s 70th Birthday | 196 |
| 6.7 Zurich ICM in 1932 | 201 |
| Chapter 7 Cast Out of Her Country | 208 |
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| 7.1 Dark Clouds over Göttingen | 208 |
| 7.2 First Wave of Dismissals | 213 |
| 7.3 Hasse’s Campaign for Noether | 218 |
| Chapter 8 Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr | 232 |
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| 8.1 Bryn Mawr College and Algebra in the United States | 232 |
| 8.2 Emmy Noether’s New Home | 238 |
| 8.3 Emmy’s Efforts on Behalf of Fritz Noether | 245 |
| 8.4 Last Visit in Göttingen | 254 |
| 8.5 Lecturer at Princeton’s Institute for Advanced Study | 260 |
| Chapter 9 Memories and Legacies of Emmy Noether | 273 |
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| 9.1 Obituaries and Memorials | 273 |
| 9.2 Fate of Fritz Noether and his Family | 285 |
| 9.3 Hasse’s Sympathies for Hitlerism | 297 |
| 9.4 Noether and “Hebraic Algebra” | 298 |
| 9.5 “German Algebra” in the United States | 302 |
| 9.6 On Noether’s Influence and Legacies | 304 |
| 9.7 Courant, Alexandrov, and Grete Hermann | 309 |
| Bibliography | 315 |
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| Name Index | 347 |