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Aerospace Alloys

:	Stefano Gialanella, Alessio Malandruccolo
:	Aerospace Alloys
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783030244408
:	1
:	CHF 104.40
:

:	Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
:	English

:	583
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book presents an up-to-date overview on the main classes of metallic materials currently used in aeronautical structures and propulsion engines and discusses other materials of potential interest for structural aerospace applications. The coverage encompasses light alloys such as aluminum-, magnesium-, and titanium-based alloys, including titanium aluminides; steels; superalloys; oxide dispersion strengthened alloys; refractory alloys; and related systems such as laminate composites. In each chapter, materials properties and relevant technological aspects, including processing, are presented. Individual chapters focus on coatings for gas turbine engines and hot corrosion of alloys and coatings. Readers will also find consideration of applications in aerospace-related fields. The book takes full account of the impact of energy saving and environmental issues on materials development, reflecting the major shifts that have occurred in the motivations guiding research efforts into the development of new materials systems. Aerospace Alloys will be a valuable reference for graduate students on materials science and engineering courses and will also provide useful information for engineers working in the aerospace, metallurgical, and energy production industries.

Stefano Gialanella is Associate Professor in Materials Science and Technology at the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Italy. He is responsible for delivering courses to undergraduate students in Industrial Engineering, Master's students in Materials Engineering and Cultural Heritage, and PhD students in Materials, Mechatronics, and System Engineering. In addition, he has given lectures and courses in Materials Science at the University of Florence, University of Pisa, Politecnico di Milano, and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Dr. Gialanella's research interests include intermetallics, oxidation of structural alloys, non-destructive testing of power plant components, shape-memory alloys, tribology with particular reference to automotive brake systems, and environmental monitoring of cultural heritage with particular reference to phase transformations and relevant structural and microstructural aspects. Based on this activity, he has co-authored more than 130 scientific papers in international refereed journals. He is also a member of the editorial boards ofMaterials Science Foundations andJournal of Metallurgy.

Alessio Malandruccolo is a plant metallurgist at an Italian steel and nickel alloy Company, a position held since the time he received his Master degree in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Trento. He is currently involved in R&D, quality control and improvement, failure analysis, revamping and design of new installations for production of new alloys. He has also experience as teaching assistant in Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry in the Master course in Architecture and Building Engineering at the University of Trento (Italy), collaborating also with the Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Bolzano (Italy), with lectures and seminars regarding his professional sector. Alessio Malandruccolo developed part of his research experience and skills at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - ESRF (Grenoble, F) and at the Diamond Light Source (Didcot, UK), focusing mainly on X-ray diffraction applied to inorganic materials characterization. He cultivates a personal interest in product design and perception, user oriented design, and cognitive sciences.

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	Preface	7
	Contents	9
	Abbreviations	13
	About the Author	18
	Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction to Aerospace Applications	19
	1.1 Historical Background	19
	1.2 Novel Design Criteria	26
	1.3 Aerospace-Related Fields	32
	References	33
	Further Reading	34
	Chapter 2: Gas Turbine Aero-Engines	35
	2.1 Introduction	35
	2.2 Types of Aircraft Engines	36
	2.3 Compressors	44
	2.4 Combustors	46
	2.5 Turbines	49
	2.6 State of the Art and Future Trends	51
	References	56
	Further Reading	57
	Chapter 3: Alloys for Aircraft Structures	58
	3.1 Introduction	58
	3.2 Aluminum Alloys	59
	3.2.1 Introduction	59
	3.2.2 Cast Alloys	68
	3.2.3 Wrought Alloys	70
	3.2.3.1 Wrought Non-heat Treatable Alloys	75
	3.2.3.2 Heat-Treatable Alloys and Designation of Tempers	77
	3.2.3.3 Precipitation Hardening	79
	3.2.4 Aluminum-Lithium Alloys	90
	3.2.5 Aluminum Alloys in Aircraft Structures: Present State and Perspectives	94
	3.3 Magnesium Alloys	104
	3.3.1 Introduction	104
	3.3.2 Aerospace Magnesium Alloys: Metallurgy, Main Designation System, and Tempers	112
	3.3.3 Magnesium Alloy Processing	115
	3.3.4 Development of Aerospace Magnesium Alloys	116
	3.3.5 Current Aerospace Applications	123
	3.4 Composite Materials	127
	3.4.1 Introduction	127
	3.4.2 Fiber-Metal Laminates: Development and Designation	129
	3.4.3 Main Production Steps and Resulting Characteristics	130
	3.4.4 Mechanical Properties	135
	3.4.5 Applications	139
	References	141
	Further Reading	144
	Chapter 4: Titanium and Titanium Alloys	145
	4.1 Introduction	145
	4.2 Physical Metallurgy Aspects	152
	4.3 Main Groups of the Titanium Alloys	161
	4.3.1 Conventional Titanium Alloys	162
	4.3.1.1 ?-Alloys	162
	4.3.1.2 ? + ? Alloys	166
	4.3.1.3 Near-? Alloys	167
	4.3.1.4 ?-Alloys	169
	4.3.1.5 Thermal Treatments and Properties of Conventional Titanium Alloys	172
	4.3.2 Advanced Titanium Alloys	180
	4.4 Titanium Processing Technologies	185
	4.5 Defects in Titanium Alloys and Diagnostics	195
	4.6 Main Aerospace Applications of Titanium Alloys	198
	References	203
	Further Reading	205
	Chapter 5: Steels	206
	5.1 Introduction	206
	5.2 Iron and Steel Metallurgical Base Concepts	208
	5.2.1 Annealing	208
	5.2.2 Quenching	209
	5.2.3 Tempering	212
	5.2.4 Age Hardening	214
	5.2.5 Steel Designation	214
	5.3 Standard and Special Production Techniques	215
	5.3.1 Arc Melting	216
	5.3.2 Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM)	218
	5.3.3 Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD)	218
	5.3.4 Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD and VODC)	222
	5.3.5 Electroslag Remelting (ESR)	224
	5.3.6 Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR)	227
	5.4 Steels for Aerospace Applications	231
	5.4.1 Maraging Steels	231
	5.4.2 AerMet Steels	241
	5.4.3 Stainless Steels	245
	5.4.3.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels	246
	5.4.3.2 Martensitic Stainless Steels	252
	5.4.3.3 PH Stainless Steels	260
	5.5 Steel-Based Aerospace Components	267
	5.5.1 Bearings	268
	5.5.2 Brake Systems	269
	5.5.3 Gas Turbine Jet Engine Parts	273
	5.5.4 Gearboxes	273
	5.5.5 Undercarriage Applications	275
	5.5.6 Wings and Engine Pylons	275
	5.5.7 Aerospace Applications of Steels: An Overview	276
	References	279
	Further Reading	281
	Chapter 6: Superalloys	282
	6.1 Introduction	282
	6.2 Cobalt-Based Superalloys	289
	6.2.1 Main Constituent Elements and Relevant Strengthening Mechanisms	297
	6.2.2 Latest Developments of Co Superalloys	301
	6.3 Iron-Based Superalloys	304
	6.3.1 Strengthening Mechanisms and Classification of Iron-Based Superalloys	305
	6.3.2 Alloy 718 and Properties of Iron-Based Superalloys	312
	6.4 Nickel-Based Superalloys	314
	6.4.1 Relevant Metallurgical Issues	326
	6.4.1.1 Solid Phase Interfaces	329
	6.4.1.2 Dislocations Structure and Dynamics in Ordered Alloys	333
	6.4.2 Selection Criteria for Alloying Elements in Nickel-Based Superalloys: The ? Matrix	336
	6.4.3 Selection Criteria for Alloying Elements in Nickel-Based Superalloys: The ?? Precipitates	346
	6.5 Single-Crystal and Directionally Solidified Superalloys	358
	6.5.1 Properties of DS and SC Superalloys	360
	6.5.2 Principles and Technological Aspects of Directional Solidification	369
	6.6 Heat Treatments	379
	6.7 Applications of Superalloys in the Aerospace Field	393
	References	398
	Further Reading	401
	Chapter 7: Coatings