1 | WOW – Women On Water: A Brief History of Women Offshore |
The first woman ever to work offshore in the history of the petroleum industry is… a mystery.
“Offshore” being a relative term, Azerbaijan staked claim to the first offshore oil discovery in 1803 with the extraction of oil from two hand-dug wells 18 and 30 meters from shore in Bibi-Heybat Bay (Zonn, et al., 2010), so perhaps it could have been an Azerbaijani woman.
Although it would be almost 150 years later, an Azerbaijani woman did indeed make her mark on the industry. Maral Rahmanzadeh, already a respected artist, rose to greater prominence in the 1950s for her renderings of life offshore on Azerbaijan’s famousNeft Dashlari (Oil Rocks) (Aliyev, 2011). Maral is said to have removed the traditional Muslim veil and donned a jumpsuit in order to work among the oilmen, capturing scenes of their daily lives (Nazarli, 2015). Perhaps not thought of as traditional “offshore work,” art plays a vital role in documenting life offshore and is carried on by contemporary artists like Scotswoman Sue Jane Taylor profiled in this book.
While women have achieved many firsts in the field – and continue to do so – it is impossible to say with any degree of certainty who thevery first woman was to work offshore. Because it is a worldwide industry, each country with a petroleum-centric economy would have had a woman who was the first to be involved in the industry whether she actually went offshore or remained onshore where she participated in some facet of the offshore industry.
Just as women were involved in the onshore industry from its inception in the mid-19th century when oil was first discovered in North America in Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada, in 1858 and in the United States the following year with the Edmund Drake well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, we have to assume women were involved offshore, in some capacity, from the beginning.
American anthropologist Diane E. Austin, PhD, confirms this when she writes, “Long before the 1970s when oil and gas companies were forced by [US] federal civil rights laws and guidelines established by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to begin hiring women in offshore jobs, women were intimately involved with the industry” (2006, p. 173).
Despite that fact, not much was written about women working offshore in the US until the 1970s. Newspaper archives offer a fascinating glimpse into how the arrival (often referred to as the “invasion”) of women affected the previously all-male bastion of offshore oil and gas.
A brief article appeared in some US newspapers in September 1973, stating five women became the “first of their sex” to work offshore in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) when they were hired through a catering company to “take over cooking and cleaning jobs” on a drilling rig off the coast of Louisiana (no byline; 1973).4 The article sp