| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 7 |
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| The Concepts and Theories Behind Innovative Strategy Design | 13 |
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| 1 Understanding the Need for a New Approach to Strategy Development | 14 |
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| 1.1 Understanding the Concept of Strategy | 15 |
| 1.1.1 Traditional Definitions of Strategy | 16 |
| 1.1.2 Strategy from a Designer’s Perspective | 17 |
| 1.1.3 A Distinct Definition of Strategy | 18 |
| 1.2 Traditional Strategy Development Processes | 18 |
| 1.2.1 Prescriptive School | 18 |
| 1.2.2 Descriptive School | 19 |
| 1.3 Challenges Faced by Traditional Approaches to Strategy Design | 20 |
| 1.4 Design Thinking as a Solution | 21 |
| 1.4.1 Design Thinking Approach | 22 |
| 1.4.2 Delivering Value to Customers | 23 |
| 1.4.3 A Common Language | 23 |
| 1.4.4 Integrating Stakeholders | 24 |
| 1.4.5 A Three Layers Process | 24 |
| References | 24 |
| 2 Recognizing Key Insights That Make Design Thinking Valuable to Strategy | 26 |
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| 2.1 The Value of Design Thinking | 26 |
| 2.1.1 Customer-Centric Problem Solving | 28 |
| 2.1.2 Iteratively Improving Through Prototyping and Validating | 29 |
| 2.1.3 Validating Ideas with Stakeholders | 30 |
| 2.1.4 Combining Analytical Thinking and Intuition | 30 |
| 2.2 A Look at the History of Design Thinking | 31 |
| 2.2.1 The 1970s | 31 |
| 2.2.2 The 1980s | 32 |
| 2.2.3 The 1990s | 33 |
| 2.2.4 The New Millenial | 33 |
| 2.3 Design Thinking for Strategy | 36 |
| References | 38 |
| 3 Revisiting the Business Model Canvas as a Common Language | 40 |
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| 3.1 The Role of the Business Model in the Context of Strategy Design | 41 |
| 3.2 The Lightweight Business Model | 42 |
| 3.2.1 Rationale and Conceptual Details | 43 |
| 3.2.1.1 Customers | 44 |
| 3.2.1.2 Offerings | 44 |
| 3.2.1.3 Capabilities | 44 |
| 3.2.1.4 Financials | 44 |
| 3.3 The Detailed Business Model | 46 |
| 3.3.1 Rationale and Conceptual Details | 48 |
| 3.3.1.1 Customers | 48 |
| 3.3.1.2 Offerings | 50 |
| 3.3.1.3 Capabilities | 50 |
| 3.3.1.4 Financials | 52 |
| 3.3.2 Relations Between Elements of the Detailed Business Model | 53 |
| References | 55 |
| A Structured Approach to Strategy Development | 57 |
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| 4 Gaining a Collective Understanding of the Strategy Development Challenge | 58 |
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| 4.1 Strategy Project Set-up | 59 |
| 4.1.1 Identifying Key Stakeholders and Their Roles | 59 |
| 4.1.1.1 Decision Takers | 61 |
| 4.1.1.2 Strategy Designers | 61 |
| 4.1.1.3 Experts or Interpreters | 61 |
| 4.1.1.4 Process Supporters | 62 |
| 4.1.2 Fostering an Innovation Culture | 62 |
| 4.1.3 Budget and Timeline | 63 |
| 4.1.4 Assessment of the Change Capacity of and Underlying Risks for the Firm | 65 |
| 4.2 Target Industry | 68 |
| 4.2.1 Incumbents | 68 |
| 4.2.2 Mature Firms | 69 |
| 4.3 Guiding Principles | 70 |
| References | 71 |
| 5 A Novel Strategy Development Process Based on Design Thinking | 72 |
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| 5.1 Process Overview | 73 |
| 5.2 The Foundation Layer | 73 |
| 5.2.1 Strategy Brief | 75 |
| 5.2.2 Understanding Today’s Environment | 75 |
| 5.2.3 Identifying Industry Trends | 76 |
| 5.2.4 Choosing the Firm’s Strategic Focus | 77 |
| 5.3 The Business Model Layer | 77 |
| 5.3.1 Observing | 77 |
| 5.3.2 Learning | 78 |
| 5.3.3 Designing | 80 |
| 5.3.4 Validating | 80 |
| 5.4 The Competition Layer | 81 |
| 5.4.1 Understanding the Competitive Landscape | 82 |
| 5.4.2 Communicating | 83 |
| References | 84 |
| Laying the Foundation for a Successful Strategy | 85 |
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| 6 Understanding the Industry Environment and Its Implications to Strategy | 86 |
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| 6.1 Current Environment Analysis | 87 |
| 6.1.1 Customers and Their Jobs-to-Be-Done | 87 |
| 6.1.2 Outsider Perspective on the Industry | 90 |
| 6.1.3 The Firm and Its Capabilities | 92 |
| 6.1.4 Environmental Constraints | 94 |
| 6.1.4.1 Political | 94 |
| 6.1.4.2 Economic | 94 |
| 6.1.4.3 Societal | 95 |
| 6.1.4.4 Technological | 95 |
| 6.1.4.5 Legal | 95 |
| 6.1.4.6 Ecological | 96 |
| 6.2 Industry Tends | 97 |
| 6.2.1 Customers | 98 |
| 6.2.2 Industry Structure | 98 |
| 6.2.3 Innovation and Technology | 99 |
| 6.2.4 Externalities | 99 |
| References | 99 |
| 7 Choosing a Tangible Strategic Focus Rather Than Building Upon an Abstract Vision | 100 |
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| 7.1 Deriving the Strategic Focus Using Design Thinking | 101 |
| 7.2 Observing and Learning | 103 |
| 7.3 Designing Possible Strategic Focus Prototypes | 104 |
| 7.3.1 Identifying Possible Strategic Focuses | 104 |
| 7.3.1.1 Customers | 104 |
| 7.3.1.2 Offerings | 105 |