| Contents | 5 |
|---|
| Chapter 1: Scientific Research and Experimenting on Human Beings | 7 |
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| 1.1 Experimentation on Human Beings | 7 |
| 1.2 Experimentation on Minors | 11 |
| 1.3 Experimentation on Women | 15 |
| 1.4 Experimentation in Developing Countries | 19 |
| 1.5 Unexperimented Drugs and Compassionate Care | 23 |
| References | 26 |
| Chapter 2: Biobanks and Ethics Committees | 29 |
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| 2.1 Research and Biological Samples | 29 |
| 2.2 Biobanks and Informed Consent | 35 |
| 2.3 Ethics Committees or Institutional Review Boards | 39 |
| References | 41 |
| Chapter 3: Emerging Technologies and Health | 43 |
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| 3.1 Research in Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies | 43 |
| 3.2 Gene-Editing: New Frontiers in Research | 48 |
| 3.3 Genome Wide-Tests, Direct-to-Consumer Tests, Incidental Findings | 53 |
| 3.4 The New Medicine: Prevention, Prediction, Personalization, Precision | 58 |
| 3.5 Citizen Science: New Forms of Participation in Health | 60 |
| 3.6 Information and Communication Technologies in Medicine | 63 |
| 3.7 Big Data and Health | 68 |
| 3.8 Mobile Health | 74 |
| 3.9 Biometrics, Biosecurity, Biosurveillance | 78 |
| References | 80 |
| Chapter 4: Converging Technologies and Enhancement | 85 |
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| 4.1 Converging Technologies: Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno-Technologies | 85 |
| 4.2 Enhancement (Genetic, Biological, Cognitive): Beyond Therapy | 87 |
| 4.3 Moral Enhancement | 99 |
| 4.4 Roboethics and Artificial Intelligence: Beyond Humans | 113 |
| 4.5 Beyond Humans: Transhumanism and Posthumanism | 118 |
| 4.6 Emerging Technologies and the Future of Work | 121 |
| References | 138 |
| Chapter 5: Innovation in Techno-Science and Governance | 142 |
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| 5.1 Techno-Scientific Progress, Ethical Pluralism and Governance | 142 |
| 5.2 The Role of Bioethics Committees: Seeking Shared Basic Principles/Values | 144 |
| 5.3 A New Regulatory Approach Facing Emerging Technologies | 148 |
| References | 149 |