| Dedication | 7 |
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| Foreword | 8 |
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| Preface | 10 |
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| Acknowledgements | 12 |
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| Contents | 13 |
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| Abbreviations | 16 |
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| List of Figures | 17 |
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| List of Tables | 23 |
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| List of Equations | 25 |
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| About the Author | 15 |
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| Chapter 1: Methodological Framework: Erasmus+ in VET | 26 |
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| 1.1 Comparative Education Research | 26 |
| 1.2 iVET Erasmus+ Mobility Programmes | 28 |
| 1.3 VET Data Analysis | 29 |
| 1.4 Researching Boundaries | 33 |
| 1.4.1 iVET in Europe | 33 |
| 1.4.2 Students | 33 |
| 1.4.3 Regions | 34 |
| 1.5 The New Erasmus+ and the Europe 2020 Strategy | 35 |
| 1.6 EU Commission Midterm Evaluation of the Erasmus+ Programme | 37 |
| 1.7 Mathematical Tools for Monitoring Erasmus+ | 38 |
| 1.7.1 The Three Perspectives: Region, Student and Nation | 39 |
| 1.7.2 Regional Mobility Efficiency (RME) | 40 |
| 1.7.3 Students with a Fair Access to Funds (SFAF) | 41 |
| 1.7.3.1 National Equity (NE) | 43 |
| References | 47 |
| Chapter 2: European VET Mobility | 48 |
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| 2.1 Leonardo (1995 1999) and Leonardo II (2000 2006) | 48 |
| 2.2 Lifelong Learning Programme (2007 2013) | 50 |
| 2.3 Erasmus+ (2014 2020) | 52 |
| 2.4 Summary: Integrating VET in European Education | 56 |
| References | 57 |
| Chapter 3: Erasmus+ VET in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom | 58 |
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| 3.1 France: Erasmus+ VET Mobility | 58 |
| 3.2 Germany: Erasmus+ VET mobility | 69 |
| 3.3 Italy: Erasmus VET Mobility | 78 |
| 3.4 Spain: Erasmus+ VET Mobility | 84 |
| 3.5 United Kingdom: Erasmus+ VET Mobility | 95 |
| 3.6 Summary: Five Countries and Five Erasmus+ VET Situations | 104 |
| References | 121 |
| Chapter 4: Monitoring Erasmus+: Results | 122 |
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| 4.1 Monitoring Erasmus+ | 122 |
| 4.2 Erasmus+ Key Indicators | 123 |
| 4.3 Regional Mobility Efficiency (RME) of All the Regions in the Target Countries | 124 |
| 4.4 Students with a Fair Access to Funds (SFAF) in the Target Countries | 128 |
| 4.5 National Equity (NE) in the Target Countries | 133 |
| 4.6 Summary: Similarities and Differences | 135 |
| References | 135 |
| Chapter 5: Monitoring Erasmus+: Conclusion | 137 |
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| 5.1 Monitoring Erasmus+ VET | 137 |
| 5.2 Erasmus+ VET: Recommendations | 139 |
| 5.3 Monitoring Erasmus+: Recommendations | 140 |
| 5.3.1 RME, SFAF and NE in All the Key Action 1 Programmes | 140 |
| 5.3.2 Regional Mobility Efficiency (RME) | 140 |
| 5.3.3 Students with a Fair Access to Funds (SFAF) | 141 |
| 5.3.4 National Equity (NE) | 141 |
| 5.3.5 A European Panel to Monitor Erasmus+ | 141 |
| 5.4 Study Limitations | 142 |
| 5.4.1 Limited Resources | 142 |
| 5.4.2 Heterogeneous Student Information | 142 |
| 5.4.3 Changing VET Realities | 143 |
| 5.5 Future Research | 143 |
| 5.5.1 Regional Procedures | 143 |
| 5.5.2 Key Individuals and Stakeholders | 144 |
| 5.5.3 Equity in Erasmus+ | 144 |
| 5.5.4 European Horizon 2020 Aims | 145 |
| Reference | 145 |
| Final Statement | 146 |
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| References | 147 |
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| Index | 150 |