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The Art of Ceramic Extrusion

:	Frank Händle
:	The Art of Ceramic Extrusion
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783030052553
:	1
:	CHF 85.40
:

:	Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
:	English

:	143
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book is ideal for practitioners and managers with low experience in the field. It introduces the theme of extrusion in ceramics and provides checklists, questionnaires, as well as the related literature and websites covering the topic. This Brief is written in a simple language and covers topics such as honeycombs, ceramic filters, auger geometry, wear and tear.

Frank Händle has been working as a consultant in the field of extrusion in ceramics since 2015. He is the editor of the Springer bookExtrusion in Ceramics, published in 2007.

	Acknowledgements	6
	Contents	7
	1 How to Use This Booklet	12
	1.1 For Whom This Booklet Is Written	12
	1.2 Some Suggestions for the Use	13
	1.3 Conclusions	14
	Bibliography	15
	2 What Do We Understand by Extrusion in Ceramics?	16
	2.1 Shaping Methods in the Ceramics Industry	16
	2.2 What Is Extrusion?	18
	2.3 Criteria for Extrusion	19
	2.4 Feeding Systems	22
	2.5 Auger and Barrel	23
	2.5.1 Auger	23
	2.5.2 Barrel	24
	2.6 De-airing	24
	2.7 Extruded Ceramic Products	25
	2.8 Conclusions	25
	Bibliography	26
	3 Ceramic Materials—The Malice of the Object	27
	3.1 Definition of Ceramics	27
	3.2 Classification of Ceramic Materials	27
	3.3 Classification of Ceramics According to Applications	28
	3.4 The Main Properties of Ceramic Bodies for Extrusion	28
	3.4.1 Plasticity	30
	3.4.2 Yield Point, Viscosity and What Mr. Bingham Has to Say	30
	3.4.3 Homogeneity	32
	3.4.4 Grain Size Distribution	32
	3.4.5 Wall Friction	33
	3.5 Conclusions	33
	Bibliography	34
	4 A Little Bit of Theory	35
	4.1 What This Chapter Is About	35
	4.2 Basic Terminology	35
	4.3 Scenarios of Pressure Build-up in the Extruder	37
	4.3.1 Scenario 1: The Notorious “Backflow”	38
	4.3.2 Scenarios 2 and 3—“Backflow” Again, but for Other Reasons	39
	4.4 The Benbow–Bridgwater Equation	40
	4.5 How to Calculate the Output of an Extruder	41
	4.6 Conclusions	43
	Bibliography	43
	5 How to Determine an Extruder and Which Data Do We Need?	44
	5.1 The Decision Procedure and the Database	44
	5.2 The Decision Model	45
	5.3 About the Sense and Nonsense of Questionnaires	46
	5.4 Conclusions	48
	Bibliography	49
	6 Plasticity or the Great Unknown	50
	6.1 What Does Plasticity Mean in Ceramics?	50
	6.2 The Two Plasticities	50
	6.3 How Do We Measure the Two Plasticities?	51
	6.4 Factors Determining Plasticity of a Ceramic Body	53
	6.5 Two Methods to Measure the Development of Plasticity	53
	6.5.1 Good-Natured and Nasty Ceramic Bodies-the Consistency Curve	54
	6.5.2 Kneading Curve	55
	6.6 Plasticity or Consistency or Extrudability?	56
	6.7 Conclusions	57
	Bibliography	57
	7 Mixing and Kneading	58
	7.1 Short Introduction	58
	7.2 Mixing	58
	7.3 Kneading	59
	7.4 Macro-mixing and Micro-mixing	61
	7.5 Buffer Systems or Dosing Strainers?	61
	7.6 The Ceramic Body as Dispersed Material System	62
	7.7 Conclusions	63
	Bibliography	64
	8 Extrusion as a System	65
	8.1 What Do We Understand by a System?	65
	8.2 Components of a System	66
	8.3 Consequences	67
	8.4 Conclusions	69
	Bibliography	70
	9 Laminations and Chaos	71
	9.1 What Do We Understand by Laminations?	71
	9.2 Formation of Laminations	72
	9.2.1 The Pioneering Studies by BCRA	72
	9.2.2 Where Are Laminations Generated in Extrusion?	73
	9.3 Types of Laminations	74
	9.3.1 Flow Laminations	74
	9.3.2 Cutting Laminations	76
	9.3.3 Rotational Laminations	77
	9.3.4 Hub Laminations	77
	9.3.5 Laminations Caused by Insufficient De-airing	78
	9.3.6 Combined Laminations	78
	9.4 What Can Be Done?	79
	9.5 Conclusions	79
	Bibliography	79
	10 About the Brave New World of Sensors and Control	80
	10.1 Introduction	80
	10.2 The Mechatronic Model	80
	10.3 Why There Is a Compelling Necessity for Better Measuring Systems for Ceramic Extrusion?	82
	10.4 What Are the Most Important Operating Data for Extrusion?	82
	10.5 Aggregated Measured Values/Operating Data	84
	10.6 Conclusions	85
	Bibliography	85
	11 Ancillary Equipment and Accessories	86
	11.1 The Most Important Accessories for the Extrusion Unit	86
	11.2 Foundation, Base Frame and Supporting Structure	86
	11.3 Control	87
	11.4 Cooling/Chilling of Augers and Barrels	88
	11.4.1 Why and When Must an Extruder Be Cooled?	88
	11.4.2 Selection of the Cooling Unit	88
	11.4.3 The Major Operating Data for the Cooling System	89
	11.4.4 Also to Be Noted	90
	11.5 Vacuum Pump and Vacuum Monitoring	90
	11.5.1 Definition of the Vacuum Pump	90
	11.5.2 How to Measure the Level of Vacuum Correctly	91
	11.5.3 Types of Vacuum Pumps	91
	11.5.4 Regulation and Measurement of the Vacuum	93
	11.5.5 Checking and Testing the Vacuum	93
	11.6 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Equipment	94
	11.7 Screen and Die Changers	94
	11.8 Infrastructure