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Technical Safety - An Attribute of Quality An Interdisciplinary Approach and Guideline

:	Hubert Keller, Wolf-Dieter Pilz, Bernd Schulz-Forberg, Christian Langenbach
:	Technical Safety - An Attribute of Quality An Interdisciplinary Approach and Guideline
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319686257
:	1
:	CHF 87.10
:

:	Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
:	English

:	196
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book focuses on technical safety, means of expanding the current procedures, and making the related risks more predictable. It identifies the 'hidden commonalities' of the various technical safety concepts and formulates a corresponding procedure, applicable across disciplines, in a single guideline.

The future is now: we constantly face change through science, research and technologies, change through industrial development, and new innovations and complexities. Our society fundamentally depends on technical systems, infrastructures and interconnected smart components, in every corner of the human environment. And these systems bring with them the need for technical safety. The risks of extending what is technically feasible have to be identified and analyzed at an early stage so as to avoid and/or mitigate potential harm by means of appropriate countermeasures.

Every technical field interprets technical safety in its own way. However, if a safety concept is to be comprehensively applied, it must be compatible with all technical fields - a challenge this book successfully addresses.

	Supporting Organizations and People	5
	Contents	7
	1 Preamble	9
	2 Development of Technical Safety	12
	3 Interdisciplinary Approach	16
	3.1 Need for a Safety Methodically Concept	16
	3.1.1 The Need for Action in Safety Engineering	16
	3.1.2 Introduction to the Application Area Safety Engineering	18
	3.1.3 Reasons for this Publication	19
	3.1.4 The General Framework for Technical Safety	21
	3.1.5 Legal Basis of Technical Safety	22
	3.1.6 Ethical Principles	24
	3.2 Generating Safety	25
	3.2.1 Principles of Safety Engineering	25
	3.2.1.1 Safety—An Interdisciplinary Task	25
	3.2.1.2 Application of the System-Technical Phase Concept	29
	3.2.1.3 The Role of the Individual in the Safety of Complex Socio-technical Systems	30
	3.2.2 Procedures for an Interdisciplinary Safety Methodically Concept	32
	3.2.2.1 General Outline	32
	3.2.2.1.1 General Agreements on Safety Engineering	33
	3.2.2.1.2 Requirements of the Procedure for Safety-Compliant Design	34
	3.2.2.1.3 Safety Methodically Work Steps in Project Management	34
	3.2.2.2 Modules of the Safety Methodically Concept	35
	3.2.2.3 Human Factors Engineering	36
	3.2.2.4 Evaluation of Failure Prevention from the Interdisciplinary Perspective	38
	3.2.2.5 Criteria for an Interdisciplinary Holistic Safety Concept	41
	3.2.2.6 Passive and Active Safety Measures	46
	3.2.2.7 Controlling Failure Mechanisms	47
	3.2.2.8 Generating Safety According to the Phase Approach	48
	3.2.3 Implications of a Safety Methodically Concept	50
	3.2.3.1 Transfer of the Safety Standard to Technologically Comparable Products	51
	3.2.3.2 Transfer of the Safety Standard to Technologically Further Developed Products	52
	3.2.3.3 Transfer of the Safety Standard to Technologically Innovative Products	52
	3.3 Limits of Safety	53
	3.3.1 Socially Accepted and State-Defined Limits	54
	3.3.2 Unattainability of Absolute Safety	56
	3.3.3 The Understanding of Risk	57
	3.3.4 Factual Relationship Between Risk, Safety Engineering and Technical Safety	58
	3.3.5 Safety-Engineering Feasibility	59
	3.3.5.1 Generally Accepted Sound Engineering Practice	60
	3.3.5.2 State of the Art	61
	3.3.5.3 State of Scientific and Technical Knowledge	61
	3.3.5.4 Methodology for Determining the Limits of Safety	62
	3.4 Verifiability of Safety	64
	3.4.1 Limits of Verifiability	64
	3.4.1.1 Responsibility	64
	3.4.1.1.1 Types of Responsibility	64
	3.4.1.1.2 Conflict Between Economic Constraints and Technical Necessity	65
	3.4.1.1.3 Priorities in Deciding Responsibility Conflicts	66
	3.4.2 Learning as a Continuous Task	66
	3.4.2.1 Feed-Forward Control of Safety and Reliability	67
	3.4.2.2 Feedback Control of Safety and Reliability	67
	3.4.2.3 System of Organizational Learning	68
	3.4.2.4 Determination of the State of the Art as Learning Scheme	68
	3.4.2.4.1 Conditions for the Determination Process	69
	3.4.2.4.2 Steps in the Determination Process	70
	3.4.2.4.3 Decision-Making	70
	3.4.3 Controlling Technical Safety in the Product Life Cycle	71
	3.4.3.1 Phase-Based Pursuance of Technical Safety	71
	3.4.3.2 Organization of Verification	72
	3.4.3.2.1 Elements of Verification	72
	3.4.3.2.2 Grading of Verification	72
	3.4.3.3 The Modular Concept of the European Union	73
	3.4.3.4 Control Directive of the European Union	74
	3.4.3.5 Planning Process	74
	3.4.3.5.1 Objective and Purpose	75
	3.4.3.5.2 Materials and Sampling Procedures	76
	3.4.3.5.3 Verifiability of Requirements	76
	3.4.3.5.4 Consideration of the Potential Conflict Between Cost-Effectiveness and Technical Safety	77
	3.4.3.5.5 Responsibilities	78
	3.4.3.6 Implementation Process	78
	3.4.3.6.1 Objective and Purpose	78
	3.4.3.6.2 Hazard Analysis	80
	3.4.3.6.3 Verifiability of Requirements	80
	3.4.3.6.4 Inspection and Approval of the Planning Documents	81
	3.4.3.6.5 Traceability of Documentation	81
	3.4.3.6.6 Approval Procedure	82
	3.4.3.6.7 Utilization of Materials	82
	3.4.3.6.8 Market Surveillance/State Supervision	83
	3.4.3.7 Operation Process	83
	3.4.3.7.1 Objective and Purpose	83
	3.4.3.7.2 Approval	84
	3.4.3.7.3 Status Checks	85
	3.4.3.7.4 Instructions for Use	85
	3.4.3.7.5 Maintenance	85
	3.4.3.7.6 Retrofitting	85
	3.4.3.8 Quality Management in Safety Engineering	86
	3.4.3.8.1 Role and Benefits of Quality Management Systems	86
	3.4.3.8.2 Quality Management System and Qualified Personnel	87
	3.5 Social Considerations	89
	3.5.1 Prevention of Safety-Critical Failures	89
	3.5.1.1 National and International Developments	89
	3.5.1.2 Safety and Legislature	89
	3.5.1.3 Safety and Deregulation	90
	3.5.1.4 Safety and the Economy	90
	3.5.1.5 Safety and Assignment of Competences	91
	3.5.1.6 Safety as a Paramount Quality Characteristic	91
	3.5.1.7 Quality Management as a Concept for Safety Management	92
	3.5.1.8 Configuration Control and Change Procedures	92
	3.5.1.9 The Individual as a Criterion for Safety Management	92
	3.5.2 Communication with the Public About Technical Safety	93
	3.6 Recommendations	96
	3.6.1 The Research Landscape	97
	3.6.2 Education and Training Options of the Universities	98
	3.6.3 Thematic Focuses	99
	3.6.3.1 The Public	99
	3.6.3.2 Technology Council	100
	3.6.4 Emergency Planning	102
	3.6.5 Internationalization	103
	4 Interdisciplinary Safety Guideline	104
	4.1 Understanding of the Term Safety	104
	4.1.1 Safety as a Legal Term	104
	4.1.2 The Term “Technical Safety”	105
	4.1.3 Technical Safety as a Requirement for Product Design and Implementation	106
	4.1.3.1 Emission Behaviour	106
	4.1.3.2 Passive Quality Characteristics	107
	4.1.3.3 Active Functional Characteristics	108