| Acknowledgements | 8 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| List of Figures | 12 |
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| Chapter 1 Introduction: Memoirs of Victorian Working-Class Women | 14 |
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| Narrative Trajectory | 19 |
| Editorial Mediation and Working-Class Readers | 21 |
| Broader Patterns | 24 |
| Maternity, Sexuality, and Politics | 26 |
| Violence and Family Conflict | 29 |
| Religious Ties that Did Not Always Bind | 33 |
| Genre and Class | 34 |
| Authenticity | 38 |
| Transience and Dislocation | 40 |
| Sequence of Chapters | 41 |
| Chapter 2 Uneven Access: Working-Class Women and the Education Acts | 45 |
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| The “Voluntary” Schools | 47 |
| The Education Acts of 1870, 1880, and Later | 51 |
| Before the “Acts” | 54 |
| After the “Acts” | 62 |
| Conclusion | 71 |
| Chapter 3 Under Physical Siege: The Early Victorian Autobiographies of Elizabeth Storie and Mary Prince | 74 |
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| Elizabeth Storie | 76 |
| Mary Prince | 83 |
| Conclusion | 93 |
| Chapter 4 Memoir and People’s History in Janet Hamilton’s Sketches of Village Life | 96 |
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| Janet Hamilton’s Life | 97 |
| Hamilton’s Early Publications | 104 |
| Hamilton’s Book Publications | 109 |
| Hamilton’s Essays on Education and Alcoholism | 110 |
| “Sketches of Village Life and Character” | 117 |
| Conclusion | 125 |
| Chapter 5 The Annals of the Poor—Rural and Conversion Narratives: Elizabeth Campbell, Christian Watt, Elizabeth Oakley, Mrs. Collier, Jane Andrew, and Barbara Farquhar | 126 |
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| Elizabeth Duncan Campbell (1804–1878) | 128 |
| Christian Watt (1833–1923) | 139 |
| Elizabeth Green Oakley (1831–1900) | 155 |
| Religious Narratives: Mrs. Collier, Jane Andrew, and Barbara Farquhar (“a Labourer’s Daughter”) | 163 |
| Mrs. Collier: A Bible-Woman’s Story | 164 |
| The Autobiography of Jane Andrew | 167 |
| A Blockbuster Hit: Barbara Farquhar’s The Pearl of Days | 173 |
| Chapter 6 The Servant Writes Back: Mary Ann Ashford’s Life of a Licensed Victualler’s Daughter | 180 |
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| Mary Ann Ashford (1787 to After 1861) | 182 |
| The Autobiography of Rose Allen | 193 |
| The Adventures of a Maid Servant | 200 |
| Mistress and Maid | 202 |
| Chapter 7 Ellen Johnston: Autobiographical Writings of “The Factory Girl” | 208 |
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| Ellen Johnston: The “Queen of the Far-Flung Penny Post?” (c. 1828–c. 1874) | 210 |
| Chapter 8 From Servant to Schoolmistress: Janet Bathgate and Mary Smith | 234 |
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| Janet Greenfield Bathgate (1804?–98) | 235 |
| Aunt Janet’s Legacy | 239 |
| The Life of Aunt Janet | 244 |
| Mary Smith (1822–89) | 251 |
| Chapter 9 ‘Truth’, ‘Fiction’ and Collaboration in The Autobiography of a Charwoman | 270 |
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| The Frame Narrative: Annie Wakeman | 275 |
| The Autobiography: Elizabeth Dobbs’s Story | 278 |
| A Likely Original: Enter Martha Grimes | 291 |
| Why These Changes, and Who Was Responsible? | 297 |
| Chapter 10 Conclusion | 302 |
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| Alternatives to Middle-Class Accounts | 305 |
| Coda: An Edwardian Turn | 310 |
| Bibliography | 322 |
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| Index | 332 |