| Acknowledgements | 6 |
|---|
| Abstract | 7 |
|---|
| Contents | 9 |
|---|
| Chapter 1: Introduction | 11 |
|---|
| Chapter 2: Revisiting the Legal Origins Hypothesis: A Brief Review of the Literature | 14 |
|---|
| 2.1 The Legal Origins View | 14 |
| 2.2 Arguments Based on Colonialism and the Distribution of Legal Traditions Around the World | 18 |
| 2.3 Arguments Based on Political Economy | 21 |
| 2.4 Arguments Based on Measurement and Recoding of Legal Data | 23 |
| 2.5 Recapitulation | 26 |
| Box: Criticisms to the Legal Origins Theory | 27 |
| Chapter 3: Data Description | 30 |
|---|
| 3.1 Legal and Regulatory Indicators | 30 |
| 3.2 Economic and Financial Outcomes | 36 |
| 3.3 Description of Doing Business Reforms Since 2006 | 38 |
| Chapter 4: Literature Review on the Effect of the Ease of Doing Business on Economic and Financial Outcomes | 46 |
|---|
| 4.1 Research on Protecting Minority Investors | 46 |
| 4.2 Research on Getting Credit and Information Disclosure | 48 |
| 4.3 Research on Contract Enforcement | 51 |
| 4.4 Research on Resolving Insolvency | 53 |
| 4.5 Research on Starting a Business | 56 |
| 4.6 Research on Registering a Property and Protecting Property Rights | 59 |
| 4.7 Research on Dealing with Construction Permits | 61 |
| 4.8 Research on Paying Taxes | 62 |
| 4.9 Research on Trading Across Borders | 63 |
| Chapter 5: Legal Change Within Legal Traditions and Convergence | 66 |
|---|
| 5.1 Has There Been Legal Change over the Period 2006-2014? | 66 |
| 5.2 Have Legal Reforms Reduced the Differences in Legal Rules/Regulations Across Legal Traditions? | 72 |
| 5.3 Has There Been Convergence in Legal and Regulatory Standards Among Legal Traditions over the Period 2006-2014? | 77 |
| 5.4 More on Convergence: Robustness Checks | 83 |
| Chapter 6: Legal Rules Variation and Countries´ Economic and Financial Performance | 93 |
|---|
| 6.1 The Effect of Legal Rules and Regulations on Economic and Financial Performance | 94 |
| 6.2 Distinguishing the Circumstances Under Which the Effect Takes Place | 98 |
| 6.2.1 Differentiating by Level of Development | 99 |
| 6.2.2 Differentiating by Institutional Quality | 104 |
| 6.2.3 Differentiating by Legal Tradition | 104 |
| 6.2.4 Interacting Legal and Regulatory Indicators with the Level of Development | 117 |
| 6.3 Graphical Analysis of the Relationship Between Legal Change and Financial and Economic Development | 117 |
| Chapter 7: Sensitivity Analyses on the Effect of Legal Rules Variation on Economic and Financial Performance | 128 |
|---|
| 7.1 Using Alternative Legal Indicators | 128 |
| 7.2 Using Alternative Panel Estimations: Difference and System GMM Estimators | 132 |
| 7.3 General Discussion | 141 |
| Chapter 8: The Effectiveness of Legal Reforms and the Gap Between Law on the Books and the Reality on the Ground | 143 |
|---|
| 8.1 Explanatory Factors for the Effectiveness of Legal Reforms: A Preliminary Analysis | 144 |
| 8.2 Gap Between Law on the Books and the Reality on the Ground | 152 |
| 8.3 Gap Between Law on the Books and Law in Action | 160 |
| 8.4 Summary of Results | 167 |
| Chapter 9: Conclusions | 168 |
|---|
| Appendix | 171 |
|---|
| References | 248 |