| Preface | 6 |
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| Acknowledgements | 8 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| List of Figures | 11 |
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| List of Tables | 13 |
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| List of Maps | 14 |
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| 1 Introduction | 15 |
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| References | 34 |
| 2 An Economic History of India | 37 |
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| Introduction | 37 |
| Commercialisation of Agriculture and De-Industrialisation | 40 |
| The Post-independence Period 1947–1990 | 43 |
| Reform and the Post-reform Period 1991–2015 | 47 |
| State of Economic Reforms in India | 56 |
| National Highways Development Project (NHDP) 2001 | 60 |
| Special Economic Zones | 61 |
| National Manufacturing Policy | 62 |
| Make in India | 63 |
| National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) | 63 |
| Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor | 64 |
| References | 66 |
| 3 Models of Economic Growth, Institutional Differences and Socio-economic Costs of Development | 69 |
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| Introduction | 69 |
| Neoclassical and Endogenous Economic Growth | 70 |
| Knowledge Spillovers and Entrepreneurship | 73 |
| Technology Transfer | 80 |
| Institutional Differences Between India and China | 83 |
| Socioeconomic Costs of Development | 94 |
| Conclusion | 95 |
| References | 99 |
| 4 Modelling China’s Economic Growth | 105 |
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| Poverty and Development Policy | 107 |
| Development of China’s Western Region | 117 |
| Market Structure | 118 |
| Market Integration | 119 |
| Effects of Infrastructure | 122 |
| Special Economic Zones | 123 |
| Why the Case Study Methodology? | 125 |
| Case Study: Propositions | 127 |
| Case Study: Criteria and Variables | 129 |
| Construct, Internal, External Validity and Reliability | 130 |
| References | 133 |
| 5 Spatial Economics: Theoretical Framework | 135 |
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| Spatial Economics and Regional Growth Strategies | 135 |
| Gunnar Myrdal | 136 |
| John Friedmann | 136 |
| Friedmann’s General Theory | 140 |
| New Economic Geography | 142 |
| Infrastructure and Trade | 146 |
| References | 151 |
| 6 Infrastructure, Trade and Income Disparities | 154 |
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| Infrastructure and Long-Run Economic Growth | 154 |
| Trade and Trade Costs | 157 |
| Regional Income Disparities | 163 |
| Frontier Empirical Spatial Economics | 166 |
| Transport Costs and the New Economic Geography | 172 |
| Input-Output Analysis in Spatial Economics | 174 |
| Interregional Input-Output Analysis | 177 |
| Input-Output Multipliers and Non-Survey Methods | 179 |
| Input-Output and the Chinese Spatial Economy | 181 |
| Agglomeration and Regional Linkages in China | 184 |
| Conclusion | 185 |
| References | 188 |
| 7 Transportation Infrastructure and Spatial Development in China | 194 |
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| Infrastructure Projects in the Maoist Period, 1952–1977 | 197 |
| The Great Leap Forward | 203 |
| The Cultural Revolution | 207 |
| Infrastructure Projects During Deng Xiaoping’s “Four Modernizations”1978–1995 | 212 |
| Post Mao Economic Policy | 220 |
| Infrastructure and the Post-1978 Economic Reforms | 225 |
| Market Integration | 230 |
| Price Distortions and Infrastructure Investments | 236 |
| The Western Development Program | 241 |
| Pakistan China Economic Corridor (PCEC) | 247 |
| “Innovation, Coordination, the Environment, Opening up and Sharing”, 2016–2020 | 250 |
| References | 258 |
| Conclusion | 264 |
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| Index | 266 |