| Preface | 6 |
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| Acknowledgment | 8 |
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| Contents | 9 |
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| Recommendation | 15 |
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| Part I: Introduction | 17 |
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| 1: Introduction | 18 |
| 1.1 The Requirements and Method to Vitalize Open Innovation | 19 |
| 1.1.1 Why Do We Need Open Innovation? | 19 |
| 1.1.2 How Can We Vitalize Open Innovation at the National Level or Higher? | 20 |
| 1.2 Locus of Open Innovation | 21 |
| 1.3 Concrete Existence of Open Innovation | 23 |
| 1.3.1 Diverse Measures of Open Innovation | 23 |
| 1.3.2 New Measure of Open Innovation | 25 |
| References | 27 |
| Part II: Open Innovation in an Economic System and the National Innovation System | 30 |
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| 2: Dynamics of the Open Innovation Economy System | 31 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 32 |
| 2.1.1 Capitalism Has Arrived at Its Growth Limits | 32 |
| 2.1.2 How Do We Conquer the Growth Limits of Capitalism? | 33 |
| 2.2 Reasons Behind the Growth Limits of Capitalism: Findings from the Literature | 33 |
| 2.2.1 Discussion in the Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Century | 34 |
| 2.2.2 Discussion in the Late Twentieth Century and Early Twenty-first Century | 35 |
| 2.2.3 Discussion of the Growth Limits of Capitalism in Korea | 36 |
| 2.3 Economy Model to Conquer the Growth Limit of Capitalism | 38 |
| 2.3.1 Open Innovation Economic System with a Good Balance Between Three Subeconomies | 38 |
| 2.3.2 Three Interactive Relationships in Open Innovation Economy System | 40 |
| 2.3.3 Theoretical Validation of the Dynamics of Open Innovation Economy System | 43 |
| 2.4 Simulation of the Dynamics of Open Innovation Economy System | 45 |
| 2.4.1 Natural Life Cycle | 45 |
| 2.4.2 Low-Speed and High-Speed Cases | 46 |
| 2.5 Schumpeterian Dynamics | 50 |
| 2.5.1 Schumpeterian Dynamics of Open Innovation Economy System | 50 |
| 2.5.2 New Combinations as the Core in Schumpeterian Dynamics | 51 |
| 2.5.3 Four Agencies in Schumpeterian Dynamics | 52 |
| References | 52 |
| 3: Economic Effects of Open Innovation | 55 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 55 |
| 3.2 Phenomena of Open Innovation | 57 |
| 3.2.1 Long-Tailed Phenomena | 57 |
| 3.2.2 App Store Phenomena | 58 |
| 3.3 Economic Effects of Open Innovation | 59 |
| 3.3.1 Marginal Product Increasing | 59 |
| 3.3.2 Economy of Diversity | 60 |
| 3.3.3 X-Efficiency Enhancement | 60 |
| References | 61 |
| 4: Open Innovation Policy in National Innovation System | 63 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 64 |
| 4.2 Open Innovation Policy | 64 |
| 4.3 National Innovation System Dynamic Model of Open Innovation Policy | 66 |
| 4.3.1 Model Building | 66 |
| 4.3.2 Different Levels of Open Innovation Policy | 67 |
| 4.4 Scope of Open Innovation Policy | 69 |
| 4.5 Issues of Open Innovation Policies | 70 |
| 4.5.1 Open Innovation as a Democratizing Innovation | 70 |
| 4.5.2 Open Innovation Is “Very Unique” | 71 |
| 4.5.3 Open Innovation Needs Enough R | 71 |
| 71 | 71 |
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| 4.6 Conclusion | 72 |
| References | 73 |
| Part III: Open Innovation Strategy of Firm | 75 |
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| 5: Concept, Structures, and Decision Factors of Open Innovation | 76 |
| 5.1 Emergence of Open Innovation | 77 |
| 5.2 The Structure of Open Innovation | 79 |
| 5.3 Factors of Open Innovation of SMEs | 80 |
| 5.4 The Difference of Open Innovation According to Product Life Cycle | 82 |
| 5.4.1 Product Life Cycle | 82 |
| 5.4.2 Level of Open Innovation According to the Product Life Cycle at Sectorial Innovation System Level | 83 |
| 5.4.3 Difference of Open Innovation Effect According to the Product Life Cycle at the Firm Level | 85 |
| 5.4.4 Rethinking the Relationship Between Open Innovation and Product Life Cycle | 85 |
| 5.5 The Role of Internal Open Innovation Attitude | 87 |
| 5.5.1 Internal Open Innovation Attitude | 87 |
| 5.5.2 Deep Relation Between Internal Open Innovation Attitude and External Open Innovation | 88 |
| 5.5.3 The Function of Internal Open Innovation Attitude to External Open Innovation | 89 |
| 5.6 The Difference in Open Innovation Depending on Whether a Firm Is Modular or Not | 90 |
| 5.6.1 The Relation Between Module and Open Innovation | 90 |
| 5.6.2 The Difference in Open Innovation in Interdependent or Modular Architecture | 90 |
| 5.7 The Difference in Open Innovation According to Regional Innovation Systems or Clusters | 94 |
| References | 96 |
| 6: Real Contents and Channels of Open Innovation | 99 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 100 |
| 6.2 Open Innovations of Fuel Cell SMEs | 100 |
| 6.2.1 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by YLJO | 100 |
| 6.2.2 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by DSN | 101 |
| 6.2.3 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by OT | 102 |
| 6.3 Open Innovation of SMEs in Medical Instruments and Intelligent Robot Industries | 103 |
| 6.3.1 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by OGV | 103 |
| 6.3.2 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by DTS | 104 |
| 6.3.3 Contents and Channels of Open Innovation by YJM | 105 |
| 6.4 Closed Innovation of SMEs | 107 |
| 6.4.1 Cases of Closed Open Innovation of Large-Scale Process Industries | 107 |
| 6.4.2 Risks of Self R | 107 |
| 108 | 107 |
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| 6.4.3 Closed Innovation of Local Subsidiary Company of Original Technology-Based Industry | 108 |
| References | 110 |
| 7: Dynamics of Open Innovation | 111 |
| 7.1 Introduction | 111 |
| 7.2 Model Building | 115 |
| 7.3 Construction of OCE Model | 119 |
| 7.3.1 Open Innovation in the OC
|