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Computational Geotechnics Storage of Energy Carriers

:	Thomas Nagel, Norbert Böttcher, Uwe-Jens Görke, Olaf Kolditz
:	Computational Geotechnics Storage of Energy Carriers
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319569628
:	1
:	CHF 47.70
:

:	Wärme-, Energie- und Kraftwerktechnik
:	English

:	78
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

In this book, effective computational methods to facilitate those pivotal simulations using open-source software are introduced and discussed with a special focus on the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of the rock salt. A cohesive coverage of applying geotechnical modeling to the subsurface storage of hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources is accompanied by specific, reproducible example simulations to provide the reader with direct access to this fascinating and important field. Energy carriers such as natural gas, hydrogen, oil, and even compressed air can be stored in subsurface geological formations such as depleted oil or gas reservoirs, aquifers, and caverns in salt rock. Many challenges have arisen in the design, safety and environmental impact assessment of such systems, not the least of which is that large-scale experimentation is not a feasible option. Therefore, simulation techniques are central to the design and risk assessment of these and similar geotechnical facilities.

Dr. Thomas Nagel leads the 'Computational Energy Systems' research group in the Department of Environmental Informatics at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). The Centre studies the complex interactions between humans and the environment in cultivated and damaged landscapes, especially densely populated urban and industrial areas and natural landscapes. The scientists and researchers who work in the Centre develop concepts and processes to help secure the natural foundations of life for future generations.

	Preface	6
	Acknowledgements	8
	Contents	9
	About the Authors	10
	1 Introduction	12
	1.1 Energetic Use of the Subsurface	12
	1.2 Geotechnical Use of Rock Salt	13
	1.3 Gas Storage in Salt Caverns	14
	1.4 Scope and Structure of This Tutorial	16
	2 Basics of Thermomechanics and Inelasticity	17
	2.1 Governing Equations	17
	2.2 Finite Element Implementation and the Kelvin Mapping	20
	The Kelvin Mapping of Tensorial Quantities	20
	Finite Element Implementation	22
	2.3 Integration of Inelastic Constitutive Models	23
	General Aspects	23
	Integration Algorithm	24
	2.4 Thermo-Mechanical Coupling in OGS	26
	2.5 Constitutive Models	27
	Thermal Process	27
	Mechanical Process	27
	LUBBY2	28
	Minkley	29
	Coupling	32
	3 Simulation of Laboratory Tests	33
	3.1 Non-isothermal Triaxial Creep Test	33
	Geometry and Boundary Conditions	34
	Material Properties	38
	Numerical Settings	40
	Time Stepping	41
	Output	42
	Simulation Results	42
	3.2 Triaxial Test with Plasticity	45
	Geometry and Boundary Conditions	45
	Material Properties	47
	Numerics	48
	Results	49
	4 Simulating Gas Storage in Salt Caverns	54
	4.1 Scenario	54
	4.2 General Set-Up	56
	Cavern Geometry	56
	Initial Conditions	57
	Boundary Conditions	57
	Source Terms	59
	Time Discretisation	61
	4.3 Isothermal Model Set-Up	62
	Material Properties	64
	4.4 Non-isothermal Model Set-Up	65
	Initial Conditions	65
	Boundary Conditions	65
	Material Properties	66
	4.5 Comparison of Results	66
	5 Closing Remarks	72
	References	73
	Index	77