| CONTENTS | 6 |
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| ABSTRACT | 10 |
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| ZUSAMMENFASSUNG | 12 |
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| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 14 |
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| LIST OF ACRONYMS | 16 |
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| 1 INTRODUCTION | 18 |
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| 1.1 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF URBAN FORESTS IN DELHI | 18 |
| 1.2 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DELHI RIDGE | 19 |
| 1.3 OUTLINE OF THE BOOK | 22 |
| 2 STATE OF THE ART: LOCATING THE STUDY IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL ECOLOGY | 27 |
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| 2.1 POLITICAL ECOLOGY: THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITION | 28 |
| 2.2 URBAN POLITICAL ECOLOGY | 38 |
| 2.3 CENTRAL ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL ECOLOGY AND URBAN POLITICAL ECOLOGY | 45 |
| 2.4 POST-STRUCTURALIST URBAN POLITICAL ECOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH | 47 |
| 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS, METHODOLOGY AND METHODS | 50 |
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| 3.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS | 50 |
| 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN | 51 |
| 3.3 ENTERING THE FIELD AND FRAMING THE STDY | 61 |
| 3.4 METHODS OF DATA ELICITATION | 65 |
| 3.5 CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS | 69 |
| 3.6 DATA RELIABILITY AND RESEARCHER POSITIONALITY | 70 |
| 4 A HISTORY OF DEFORESTATION, AFFORESTATION AND PROTECTION | 72 |
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| 4.1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF DEFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION PRE-COLONIAL AND COLONIAL PERIODS | 72 |
| 4.2 LEGAL STATUS OF THE RIDGE: A READING OF NOTIFICATIONS (1913–2006) | 76 |
| 4.3 CONCLUSION | 82 |
| 5 THE STATE AS MULTIPLE ACTORS | 83 |
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| 5.1 INTRODUCTION: THE STATE IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS | 83 |
| 5.2 THE DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY | 88 |
| 5.3 THE FOREST DEPARTMENT | 94 |
| 5.4 THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA | 102 |
| 5.5 CONCLUSION | 104 |
| 6 CONSERVATION OF THE RIDGE ENTERS PUBLIC DISCOURSE | 105 |
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| 6.1 KALPAVRIKSH AND SRISHTI | 105 |
| 6.2 FORMATION OF THE JOINT NGO FORUM FOR THE RIDGE | 108 |
| 6.3 LEGACY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM 1979–1995 | 115 |
| 7 THE THREE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION PROJECTS IN THE RIDGE | 118 |
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| 7.1 THE MAHIPALPUR RIDGE: OF MINES, MALLS AND BIODIVERSITY PARKS | 119 |
| 7.2 SANJAY VAN: CITIZEN RESTORATION PROJECT | 141 |
| 7.3 THE ASOLA BHATTI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY | 149 |
| 7.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION | 174 |
| 8 UNEQUAL POLITICS: FORMATION AND USE OF CONSERVATION SPACES | 180 |
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| 8.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM AROUND THE RIDGE | 181 |
| 8.2 CRITICAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION AS A DISCURSIVE PRACTICE | 191 |
| 8.3 SCIENTIFIC EXPERTS AS POLITICAL ACTORS | 196 |
| 8.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MARGINALISED | 200 |
| 8.5 THE SUBORDINATE SOCIAL JUSTICE DISCOURSE | 210 |
| 8.6 CONCLUSION | 215 |
| 9 DISCOURSES, STORYLINES AND METABOLISM OF THE RIDGE | 217 |
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| 10 CONCLUSION | 225 |
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| 10.1 SUMMARISATION OF MAIN ARGUMENTS | 225 |
| 10.2 POST-STRUCTURAL CONTEXTUAL URBAN POLITICAL ECOLOGY | 226 |
| 10.3 SOME OPTIMISTIC REFLECTIONS | 227 |
| 10.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH | 228 |
| REFERENCES | 230 |
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| APPENDICES | 258 |