| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 8 |
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| List of Figures | 10 |
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| List of Tables | 15 |
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| List of Formula | 16 |
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| 1: Introduction | 17 |
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| What Is the Financing Cost of Suddenly Running Out of Capital? | 22 |
| 2: How to Read a Monte Carlo Simulation Graph | 24 |
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| 3: Introduction to the Cost of Running Out of Capital | 30 |
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| A Risk Owner and a Structure | 31 |
| 4: Risk and Uncertainty | 34 |
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| The Concept of Risk | 34 |
| The Description of Risk and Uncertainty | 35 |
| Correlated Risks | 38 |
| How Do We Process Risk? | 39 |
| People, Risk, and Uncertainty | 40 |
| 5: The Cost of Running Out of Capital | 44 |
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| Experiments and the Limitations of Literature | 44 |
| The Red Phone | 48 |
| Structural Risk Cost | 51 |
| Structural Risk | 52 |
| The Loss if a Red Phone Call Is Not Answered | 52 |
| Cost Syndrome | 55 |
| Overview of Structural Risk | 57 |
| Who Are Risk Owners? | 58 |
| The Risk Owner’s Perspective on Risk | 59 |
| Hidden Cost That Hampers Growth in Society | 64 |
| 6: Capital | 67 |
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| Relations Between Risk and Return | 71 |
| Bowman’s Paradox | 74 |
| Financial Stress Testing | 75 |
| Ineffective Return on Reserves | 81 |
| Final Points Concerning Capital | 83 |
| 7: Insurance | 84 |
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| The Historical Importance of Insurance | 84 |
| Insurance as Protection Against Red Phone Situations | 85 |
| Defective Insurance | 90 |
| The Anti-Social Risk Cost That Can Be Removed as It Occurs | 94 |
| Health Insurance | 96 |
| Tax-Paid Insurance | 100 |
| Moral Hazard | 101 |
| Final Observations Regarding Insurance | 107 |
| 8: The Different Costs of Risk | 108 |
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| 9: Stock Taking | 111 |
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| 10: Macroeconomics | 118 |
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| Equilibrium | 118 |
| The Formula for Society’s Structural Risk Cost | 120 |
| Factors in the Formula for Society’s Structural Risk Cost | 122 |
| Natural Disasters | 123 |
| Illness | 123 |
| Crime | 124 |
| The Police and the Judicial System | 124 |
| Corruption | 125 |
| Dental Care | 125 |
| Accidents and Injuries | 126 |
| Crises and Macroeconomics | 126 |
| Conditions on the Labour Market | 127 |
| The Financial Factors Included in the Formula of Society’s Structural Risk Cost | 128 |
| Perspectives on the Use of the Formula for Society’s Structural Risk Cost | 129 |
| Keynes’ Savings Paradox | 129 |
| Tax Relief | 130 |
| Equality | 131 |
| Displacement of Equilibrium | 135 |
| 11: Self-Chosen Risk and Government Intervention | 137 |
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| The Future and Structural Risk Cost | 141 |
| 12: The Top Ten Most Important Realisations Regarding Structural Risk | 145 |
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| The Cost of Risk Is Different, Depending on Who Owns It | 145 |
| Reserve Capital Generates a Higher Return than Savings | 146 |
| Bowman’s Paradox Is Not a Paradox | 146 |
| Insurance Can Improve the Return on an Investment | 147 |
| The Structural Risk Cost Is Destructive and Harmful to Society | 147 |
| The Structural Risk Cost Can Be Removed After the Risk Event Has Occurred | 148 |
| Keynes’ Savings Paradox Is Not a Paradox | 148 |
| A Purely Market-Driven Insurance System Is Not Necessarily Ideal | 149 |
| The State Can Increase Societal Growth by Removing Risks for Risk Owners | 149 |
| Long-Term Growth Is Not Just a Matter of Stimulating Consumption | 150 |
| 13: The Cost of Structural Risk Management in Liberalism | 151 |
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| 14: How Is This Book to Be Understood and What Kind of Society Does It Wish to Create? | 157 |
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| Bibliography | 161 |
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| Index | 164 |