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Superconductivity An introduction

:	Philippe Mangin, Rémi Kahn
:	Superconductivity An introduction
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319505275
:	1
:	CHF 227.10
:

:	Elektrizität, Magnetismus, Optik
:	English

:	390
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book proposes a thorough introduction for a varied audience. The reader will master London theory and the Pippard equations, and go on to understand type I and type II superconductors (their thermodynamics, magnetic properties, vortex dynamics, current transport...), Cooper pairs and the results of BCS theory. By studying coherence and flux quantization he or she will be lead to the Josephson effect which, with the SQUID, is a good example of the applications. The reader can make up for any gaps in his knowledge with the use of the appendices, follow the logic behind each model, and assimilate completely the underlying concepts. Approximately 250 illustrations help in developing a thorough understanding.

This volume is aimed towards masters and doctoral students, as well as advanced undergraduates, teachers and researchers at all levels coming from a broad range of subjects (chemistry, physics, mechanical and electrical engineering, materials science...). Engineers working in industry will have a useful introduction to other more applied or specialized material.

Philippe Mangin is emeritus professor of physics atMines Nancy Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Management of the University of Lorraine, and researcher at theJean Lamour Institute in France. He is the former director of both the French neutron scattering facility,Léon Brillouin Laboratoryin Orsay, and theMaterial Physics Laboratory in Nancy, and has taught superconductivity to a broad audience, in particular to engineering students.

Rém Kahn is a retired senior research scientist of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA-Saclay). He worked at theLéon Brillouin Laboratory and was in charge of the experimental areas of INB 101 (the Orphée research reactor).

This work responded to the need to bring an accessible account suitable for a wide spectrum of scientists and engineers.

Philippe Mangin, now Emeritus Professor, is the author of 130 papers in solid state physics: amorphous materials, thin films, magnetism, neutron scattering, rare earths.
He directed during four years the 'Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux' of Nancy and for four other years the 'Laboratoire Leon Brillouin' in Saclay, which is the French neutron scattering facility. He spent two 'one-year-periods' at the National Institute of Sciences and Technology in Gaithersburg MD (USA), became a member of various committees in the neutron scattering field, and a reviewer for many papers (PRL, PRB, etc.).
Rémi Kahn, expert in neutron scattering, worked in the bosom of the 'Laboratoire Léon Brillouin' for many years; he became the leader of the inelastic scattering group, then was in charge of the support groups and finally deputy-director responsible for the Orphée reactor's experimental areas. He authored around 100 papers in various solid state physics fields: phonons, magnetic critical transitions, vortex in superconductors, molecular dynamics in liquid and ad(ab)sorbed phases.

	PREFACE	6
	CONTENTS	8
	1INTRODUCTION	18
	1.1 - A history of women and men	18
	1.2 - Experimental signs of superconductivity	18
	1.2.1 - The discovery of superconductivity: the critical temperature	18
	1.2.2 - The magnetic behavior of superconductors	20
	1.2.3 - Critical current	20
	1.2.4 - The isotope effect	21
	1.2.5 - JOSEPHSON currents and fluxquantization	21
	1.3 - Phenomenological models	22
	1.3.1 - LONDON theory	22
	1.3.2 - The thermodynamic approach	23
	1.3.3 - GINZBURG-LANDAU	23
	1.3.4 - Vortices	24
	1.4 - The microscopic BCS theory	25
	1.5 - Tunnelling effects	26
	1.6 - A great diversity of superconducting materials	26
	1.7 - “Unconventional” superconductors	27
	1.8 - Numerous spectacular applications	28
	1.9 - Superconductivity in the history of mankind	29
	2LONDON THEORY	30
	2.1 - MAXWELL’s equations	30
	2.2 - The behavior expected for a perfect conductor	31
	2.2.1 - Electrical conduction in a normal conductor	31
	2.2.2 - Electrical conduction in a perfect conductor	32
	2.2.3 - Magnetic fields in a perfect conductor	33
	2.3 - Superconductor versus perfect conductor	36
	2.3.1 - Cooling in zero field followed by application of a field	36
	2.3.2 - Application of the magnetic field when T	36
	37	36
	2.4 - The LONDON equations	39
	2.4.1 - “Superconducting electrons”	39
	2.4.2 - First LONDON equation	39
	2.4.3 - Second LONDON equation	40
	2.4.4 - Superconducting slab in an applied magnetic field	40
	2.5 - The LONDON penetration depth	42
	2.5.1 - Experimental measurement of ? L	42
	2.5.2 - Temperature dependence of the LONDON penetration depth	43
	2.6 - Applications to superconducting wires	43
	2.6.1 - A wire in magnetic field	43
	2.6.2 - A current-carrying wire	46
	2.6.3 - Thin current-carrying wire	47
	2.6.4 - Generalized response of the wire	47
	2.7 - The OCHSENFELD experiment	48
	2.8 - Non-simply-connected superconductor	49
	2.8.1 - Sequence 1: cooling in zero field	50
	2.8.2 - Sequence 2: field cooling	50
	2.8.3 - Conclusion	51
	2.9 - Analysis from the point of view of energy	51
	2.9.1 - Energetic interpretation of the LONDON penetration depth	51
	2.9.2 - The second LONDON equation by a variational method	52
	2.10 - Description of superconductivity in fluid-mechanical terms	54
	2.11 - The LONDON moment	55
	2.11.1 - Intuitive approach	55
	2.11.2 - Calculating the LONDON moment	56
	2.12 - The LONDON equation in the LONDON gauge	58
	2.12.1 - The concept of gauge	58
	2.12.2 - The LONDON gauge	59
	2.12.3 - The second LONDON equation in the LONDON gauge	60
	2.12.4 - Momentum p and the LONDON equation	60
	2.12.5 - Non-simply-connected superconductors	61
	3THE NON-LOCAL PIPPARD EQUATIONS	66
	3.1 - Origin of the non-local equations	66
	3.2 - Non-locality in pure superconductors	67
	3.3 - Penetration depth of the magnetic field	68
	3.4 - FOURIER analysis of the PIPPARD equations	69
	3.5 - “Dirty” superconductors	72
	4THERMODYNAMICS OF TYPE I SUPERCONDUCTORS	75
	4.1 - Thermodynamic description	76
	4.2 - The thermodynamic variables of superconductivity	77
	4.2.1 - The relation between LONDON currents and magnetization	77
	4.2.2 - Thermodynamic systems	78
	4.2.3 - Interpreting the levitation of type I superconduct