: Ram S. Jakhu, Joseph N. Pelton, Yaw Otu Mankata Nyampong
: Space Mining and Its Regulation
: Springer-Verlag
: 9783319392462
: 1
: CHF 104.30
:
: Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik
: English
: 181
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF

This book addresses the complex technical challenges presented by remote space mining in terms of robotics, remote power systems, space transport, IT and communications systems, and more. It also addresses the difficult oversight and regulatory issues that face states and non-state enterprises that would take on the perilous task of obtaining natural resources from the Moon and asteroids.

An increasing number of countries are becoming involved in space-related activities that were previously carried out primarily by the United States and the USSR (now the Russian Federation). How these regulatory endeavors might be handled in international treaties, standards, codes of conduct or other means have become a truly international political issue. And there is yet another issue.

In the past, space activities traditionally fell under the exclusive domain of government. But the last few years have seen the emergence of the private sector of"space entrepreneurs." This poses many challenges for the pre-existing governance regimes and state-based conceptions of international law. This book examines the adequacies and ambiguities in treaty provisions and national laws and in currently accepted practices involving the growing exploration and exploitation of space-based natural resources.



Foreword6
Preface9
Acknowledgements10
Contents17
About the Authors21
1: Introduction24
Scope24
New Space Industries and Space Mining Ventures25
What Natural Resources Are Found in Space and Where Are They?26
The Technology28
New Space and the Key Space Actors28
The Legal and Regulatory Context: Today and  Tomorrow29
The Longer Term Perspective30
Structure and Purpose of This Book31
2: The Importance of Natural Resources from Space and Key Challenges33
Gauging the Future35
Coping with the Scale and Complexity Problem37
Coping with Legal, Regulatory and Standards Problems41
Conclusions43
3: Transportation Systems and Targeting Locations for Space Mining44
New and Improved Transportation Technologies to Support Space Mining48
Chemical Fueled Launchers48
Ion Propulsion49
Nuclear Fueled Propulsion50
Mass-Driver Systems on the Moon52
Space Elevator Systems52
Conclusions53
4: Power and Robotic Systems for Space Mining Operations54
Power Systems55
Photovoltaic and Battery Systems55
Space-Based Thermocouple Energy Systems55
Nuclear or Radioactive Isotope Power System56
Thermoionic Power Source57
Explosives as a Substitute for Mining-Related Energy Needs58
Space Robotic Mining Systems58
Innovative New Space Mining Concepts59
Conclusions61
5: U. S. Space Exploration and Planetary Resources62
Space Telescope Missions62
The Apollo Lunar Exploration Program63
The Mariners, MESSENGER, the Voyagers, Galileo, the Pioneers, Juno, Huygens-Cassini, Magellan and New Horizons63
Lunar Missions66
Mars Missions68
NASA Asteroid Mission71
Assessing the Broad Impact of U. S. Space Missions Over the Past Half Century72
Space Telescope Findings72
Useful Information about the Moon73
Findings Related to Planetary Bodies74
Mars Exploratory Programs75
Missions to Comets and Asteroids77
The Future of Space Exploration Technology Related to Space Mining78
Conclusions78
6: Private Sector Space Mining Initiatives and Policies in the United States80
The Rapid Growth of New Space Activities in the United States81
Planetary Resources85
Deep Space Industries86
Golden Spike Company87
Shackleton Energy Company89
Moon Express90
The B612 Foundation90
Policies Concerning Space Mining, Resource Extraction and Space Colonies91
Conclusions92
7: Space Enterprises in Russia and the  Former Soviet Union93
Conclusions103
8: Activities in Europe, Canada and Other Western Countries105
Herschel Space Observatory105
Mars Express106
Venus Express108
Mercury Mission108
Jupiter Exploratory Mission108
European Mission to the Moon109
ESA’s Deep Space Missions: Giotto, Rosetta, and PLATO110
Summary of European Initiatives112
Canada and Other National Initiatives112
Conclusions117
9: Asian Space Programs: Japan, China and India118
Japanese Space Exploration and Scientific Missions119
China’s Planetary Research and Exploration Programs124
The Indian Space Program126
Conclusions129
10: The International Legal Framework132
The 1967 Outer Space Treaty135
The Common Interest Principle and Freedom of Exploration and Use of Outer Space135
Prohibition of Appropriation of Outer Space and Celestial Bodies139
Prohibition of Appropriation of Space Natural Resources142
The 1979 Moon Agreement146
Conclusion148
11: National Space Laws and the Exploitation of Natural Resources from Space150
The United States153
The United Kingdom157
The Russian Federation159
Australia160
Canada161
India162
New Legislative Initiatives in Luxembourg and the United Arab Emirates162
Conclusions162
12: Conclusions and the Way Forward164
Appendix: Excerpts of Key International Space Treaties and Relevant U. S. Law171
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967)171
Article I172
Article II172
Article III172
Article IV172
Article V172
Article VI173