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Fatigue Crack Growth Detect - Assess - Avoid

:	Hans Albert Richard, Manuela Sander
:	Fatigue Crack Growth Detect - Assess - Avoid
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319325347
:	1
:	CHF 161.10
:

:	Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
:	English

:	305
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book offers a concise introduction to fatigue crack growth, based on practical examples. It discusses the essential concepts of fracture mechanics, fatigue crack growth under constant and variable amplitude loading and the determination of the fracture-mechanical material parameters. The book also introduces the analytical and numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth as well as crack initiation. It concludes with a detailed description of several practical case studies and some exercises.
The target group includes graduate students, researchers at universities and practicing engineers.

	Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Symbols	15
	1 Designing Components and Structures According to Strength Criteria	20
	1.1 Loads on Components and Structures	21
	1.2 Stresses and Stress States in Components and Structures	24
	1.2.1 Plane Stress State	25
	1.2.2 Spatial Stress State	25
	1.2.3 Principal Stresses	25
	1.2.4 Plane Stress State or Plane Strain State	27
	1.3 Proof of Static Strength	28
	1.3.1 Equivalent Stress	28
	1.3.2 Allowable Stress	29
	1.3.3 Proof of Strength—Operational Sequence	30
	1.3.4 Taking Account of the Notch Effect	31
	1.3.5 Stress Concentration Factors	32
	1.3.6 Material Parameters and Safety Factors	32
	1.4 Proof of Fatigue Strength	37
	1.4.1 Effective and Allowable Stresses	37
	1.4.2 Material Parameters	38
	1.4.3 Surface and Size Coefficients	40
	1.4.4 Proof of Fatigue Strength with Notched Components	42
	1.5 Proof of Structural Durability	42
	1.6 Other Proofs	43
	1.7 Limits of Classic Component Design	43
	References	44
	2 Damages Caused by Crack Growth	45
	2.1 Crack Initiation and Crack Growth	47
	2.2 Stable and Unstable Crack Growth	49
	2.3 Damage Analysis/Fracture Surface Analysis	50
	2.4 Fatigue Crack Growth in an ICE Wheel Tire	54
	2.5 Crack Growth in a Press Frame	55
	2.6 Fatigue Crack Growth in the Fastener Body of an Internal High-Pressure Metal Forming Machine	57
	2.7 Fracture of the Drive Shaft of a Vintage Car	57
	2.8 Other Damage Events	57
	2.9 Basic Crack Paths and Crack Shapes in Components and Structures	59
	2.9.1 Crack Paths of Basic Stress States	60
	2.9.2 Crack Paths and Crack Shapes in Shafts	61
	2.9.3 Systematizing Crack Types in Components and Structures	63
	2.10 Crack Detection Using Non-destructive Testing Methods	67
	References	69
	3 Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics	72
	3.1 Cracks and Crack Modes	72
	3.1.1 Mode I	73
	3.1.2 Mode II	74
	3.1.3 Mode III	74
	3.1.4 Mixed Mode	74
	3.2 Stress Distributions at Cracks	75
	3.2.1 Solving Crack Problems with Elasticity Theory	75
	3.2.2 Stress Distributions for Plane Crack Problems	76
	3.2.2.1 Stress Distributions in Mode I	78
	3.2.2.2 Stress Distributions for Plane Mixed-Mode Loading	78
	3.2.3 Stress Distributions for Spatial Crack Problems	81
	3.2.3.1 Stress Distributions in Cartesian Coordinates	81
	3.2.3.2 Stress Distributions in Cylindrical Coordinates	81
	3.3 Displacement Fields Near the Crack	83
	3.4 Stress Intensity Factors	84
	3.4.1 Stress Intensity Factors for Crack Modes I, II and III	84
	3.4.1.1 Definition of the Stress Intensity Factors KI, KII, KIII	84
	3.4.1.2 Dimension and Unit of Stress Intensity Factors	85
	3.4.2 Stress Intensity Factors for Basic Crack Problems	85
	3.4.2.1 Griffith Crack in an Infinitely Extended Plate	85
	3.4.2.2 Circular Crack in an Infinitely Extended Body Under Tensile Loading	86
	3.4.2.3 Internal Crack in a Finitely Extended Plate	86
	3.4.2.4 Edge Crack in a Semi-infinitely and Finitely Extended Plate Under Tensile Loading	87
	3.4.2.5 Inclined Internal Crack in an Infinitely Extended Plate Under Uniaxial Loading	88
	3.4.2.6 Semi-elliptical Surface Crack in a Tensile-Loaded Component	89
	3.4.2.7 Semi-circular Edge Crack in a Component	90
	3.4.2.8 Notch Crack Problems	92
	3.4.2.9 Interpolation Formula for Mode I Stress Intensity Factors	94
	3.4.2.10 Interpolation Formulae for Mode II and Mode III Stress Intensity Factors	94
	3.4.3 Superposition of Stress Intensity Factors, Equivalent Stress Intensity Factors	94
	3.4.3.1 Superposition of Stress Intensity Factors	96
	3.4.3.2 Equivalent Stress Intensity Factor with Plane Mixed-Mode Loading	97
	3.4.3.3 Equivalent Stress Intensity Factor with Spatial Mixed-Mode Loading	98
	3.5 Local Plasticity at the Crack Tip	101
	3.5.1 Estimating the Plastic Zone	101
	3.5.2 Crack Length Correction	104
	3.5.3 Significance of the Plastic Zone in Fatigue Crack Propagation	105
	3.6 Energy Release Rate and the J-Integral	105
	3.6.1 Energy Release Rate	105
	3.6.2 J-Integral	106
	3.7 Determining the Stress Intensity Factors and Other Fracture-Mechanical Quantities	107
	3.7.1 Determining the Stress Intensity Factors from the Stress Field in the Vicinity of the Crack	108
	3.7.2 Determining the Stress Intensity Factors from the Displacement Field in the Vicinity of the Crack	109
	3.7.3 Determining Fracture-Mechanical Quantities with the J-Integral	109
	3.7.4 Determining Fracture-Mechanical Quantities with the Crack Closure Integral	110
	3.8 Concepts for Predicting Unstable Crack Growth	112
	3.8.1 K-Concept for Mode I	113
	3.8.2 K-Concept for Mode II, Mode III and Mixed Mode Loadings	113
	3.8.2.1 K-Concept for Mode II	114
	3.8.2.2 K-Concept for Mode III	114
	3.8.2.3 K-Concept for Plane Mixed Mode	115
	3.8.2.4 K-Concept for Spatial Mixed Mode	116
	3.8.3 Criterion of Energy Release Rate	119
	3.8.4 J-Criterion	119
	3.9 Fracture Toughness	120
	3.10 Assessing Components with Cracks Using Fracture-Mechanical Methods	120
	3.10.1 Fracture-Mechanical Proof—Operational Sequence	120
	3.10.2 Applying the Fracture Criterion and the Fracture-Mechanical Analysis to Mode I Crack Problems	122
	3.10.3 Applying the Fracture Criterion and the Fracture-Mechanical Analysis to Mode II, Mode III and Mixed Mode Problems	124
	3.11 Combining Strength Calculation and Fracture Mechanics	125
	References	128
	4 Fatigue Crack Growth Under Cyclic Loading with Constant Amplitude	130
	4.1 Relation Between Component Loading and Cyclic Stress Intensity	131
	4.1.1 Stress Fields with Time-Varying Mode I Loading	132
	4.1.2 Cyclic Stress Intensity Factor for Mode I	132
	4.1.3 R-ratio	133
	4.1.4 Crack Propagation Process	134
	4.1.5 Stress Field with Time-Varying Mode II, Mode III and Mixed-Mode Loading	134
	4.1.6 Cyclic Stress Intensity Factor for Mode II	135
	4.1.7 Cyclic Stress Intensity Factor for Mode III	136
	4.1.8 Two-Dimensional Mixed-Mode Loading	136
	4.1.9 Three-Dimensional Mixed-Mode Loading	136
	4.2 Relationship Between Crack Growth Rate and the Cyclic Stress Intensity Factor	137
	4.2.1 Limits of Fatigue Crack Propagation for Mode I	139
	4.2.2 Factors Influencing the Crack Growth Curve	139
	4.2.3 Crack Closure Behavior Dur