| Acknowledgments | 8 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| Acronyms | 14 |
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| Symbols and Notations | 16 |
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| 1 Introduction | 18 |
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| 1.1 D2D Communications Towards 5G | 19 |
| 1.1.1 History of D2D Standardization Activities | 19 |
| 1.1.2 Classifications of D2D Communications | 20 |
| 1.1.3 D2D-Assisted Cellular Communication | 22 |
| 1.2 Research Challenges in D2D-Assisted Networks | 23 |
| 1.2.1 Synchronization | 23 |
| 1.2.2 Device Discovery | 24 |
| 1.2.3 Mode Selection | 25 |
| 1.2.4 Interference Management | 25 |
| 1.2.5 Power Control | 26 |
| 1.2.6 Channel Measurements | 26 |
| 1.3 Outline of the Book | 27 |
| References | 27 |
| 2 Critical Technologies for D2D Communications | 29 |
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| 2.1 Proximity Discovery | 29 |
| 2.1.1 Taxonomy of D2D Proximity Discovery | 29 |
| 2.1.2 Procedure of Proximity Discovery | 30 |
| 2.1.3 Related Works and Motivations | 31 |
| 2.2 Mode Selection | 33 |
| 2.2.1 Taxonomy of Typical Communication Modes | 33 |
| 2.2.2 Related Works and Motivations | 34 |
| 2.3 Resource Management | 35 |
| 2.3.1 Related Technologies in Resource Management | 35 |
| 2.3.2 Related Works and Motivations | 36 |
| 2.4 Chapter Summary | 38 |
| References | 38 |
| 3 Proximity Discovery for Cellular D2D Underlay | 41 |
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| 3.1 LTE System Architecture | 41 |
| 3.1.1 Basic Structure for LTE Uplink | 42 |
| 3.1.2 Physical Channels for LTE Uplink | 43 |
| 3.2 Framework for Neighbor Discovery in LTE | 44 |
| 3.2.1 Resource Allocation and Multiplexing | 44 |
| 3.2.2 SC-FDMA Transmitter and Receiver | 45 |
| 3.2.3 System Model | 47 |
| 3.2.4 Sparse Vector Recovery | 48 |
| 3.3 Block Sparse Bayesian Learning | 48 |
| 3.3.1 Problem Formulation | 48 |
| 3.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation | 49 |
| 3.3.3 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis | 51 |
| 3.3.3.1 Simulation Parameters | 52 |
| 3.3.3.2 Performance of Sparse Channel Recovery | 53 |
| 3.3.3.3 Error Probability of Parameter Estimation | 53 |
| 3.3.3.4 Detection Probability | 53 |
| 3.4 Chapter Summary | 54 |
| References | 55 |
| 4 Mode Selection for Cellular D2D Underlay | 56 |
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| 4.1 System Model | 56 |
| 4.1.1 Channel Model | 57 |
| 4.1.2 Resource Multiplexing | 59 |
| 4.2 Problem Formulation | 60 |
| 4.2.1 Two-Step Approach | 61 |
| 4.3 Mixed-Mode Allocation | 62 |
| 4.3.1 Uplink Sharing | 62 |
| 4.3.2 Downlink Sharing | 64 |
| 4.3.3 Successive Convex Approximation | 65 |
| 4.4 Resource Allocation | 66 |
| 4.4.1 Lagrangian Dual Decomposition | 67 |
| 4.4.2 Reduced Complexity Algorithm | 68 |
| 4.4.3 Distributed Implementation | 70 |
| 4.4.4 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis | 71 |
| 4.4.4.1 Mode Allocation Results | 71 |
| 4.4.4.2 Joint Resource Allocation and Power Control | 72 |
| 4.5 Chapter Summary | 72 |
| References | 74 |
| 5 Resource Management for Cellular D2D Underlay | 75 |
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| 5.1 Critical Problems of Resource Management | 75 |
| 5.1.1 General Problems | 76 |
| 5.2 Bipartite Graph-Based Resource Management | 77 |
| 5.2.1 Graph Matching Problems | 77 |
| 5.2.2 Typical Matching Objectives and Solutions | 78 |
| 5.2.2.1 Maximum Cardinality Pairing Problem | 78 |
| 5.2.2.2 Stable Marriage for Maximum Pairing Satisfaction | 79 |
| 5.2.2.3 The Optimal Assignment Problem | 79 |
| 5.3 Resource Allocation in Ideal Case | 80 |
| 5.3.1 Model Assumption | 80 |
| 5.3.2 Bipartite Graph Construction | 81 |
| 5.3.3 Pairing for System Capacity Maximization | 83 |
| 5.3.3.1 Determination of D2D Candidate Sets | 84 |
| 5.3.3.2 Objective of System Capacity Maximization | 85 |
| 5.3.4 Proposed Low-Complexity Pairing Algorithm | 85 |
| 5.3.5 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis | 86 |
| 5.4 Resource Allocation in Practical Case | 88 |
| 5.4.1 Social Interaction in Practical Case | 89 |
| 5.4.2 Socially Enabled D2D Link Admission | 89 |
| 5.4.2.1 Analysis of One-Time Delivery of Time-Sensitive Data Block | 90 |
| 5.4.2.2 Analysis of Multiple Encounter Delivery with Delay Constraint | 92 |
| 5.4.3 Socially Enabled Capacity Maximization Problem | 93 |
| 5.4.4 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis | 94 |
| 5.4.4.1 One-Time Delivery | 95 |
| 5.4.4.2 Multiple Encounter Delivery | 98 |
| 5.5 Chapter Summary | 99 |
| References | 101 |
| 6 Summary and Future Work | 102 |