| Preface: Confessions | 6 |
|---|
| Acknowledgements | 8 |
|---|
| Contents | 10 |
|---|
| About the Author | 16 |
|---|
| 1: My First Painful Encounters with Prices | 17 |
|---|
| Pricing Student: The Journey Begins | 18 |
| Pricing Professor: Academia Was Still My Only Option | 21 |
| Pricing Consultant: We Take Theory into the Real World | 22 |
| 2: Everything Revolves Around Price | 25 |
|---|
| What Does “Price” Actually Mean? | 26 |
| “Price” Goes by Many Aliases | 28 |
| Price = Value | 29 |
| Creating and Communicating Value | 31 |
| What Smart Pricing Can Achieve: The 2012 London Olympics | 33 |
| What Smart Pricing Can Achieve: The BahnCard | 34 |
| Supply and Demand | 37 |
| Scarcity and Boom-and-Bust Cycles | 38 |
| Price and Government | 39 |
| Price and Power | 40 |
| Pricing Pushes Its Boundaries | 41 |
| 3: The Strange Psychology of Pricing | 43 |
|---|
| The Prestige Effect of Price | 44 |
| Price as an Indicator of Quality | 45 |
| The Placebo Effect of Price | 46 |
| Price as a Defused Weapon | 47 |
| Price Anchor Effects | 47 |
| The Magic of the Middle, or the Story of the Padlock | 49 |
| Neither the Cheapest nor the Most Expensive Wine | 49 |
| A Profit-Generating Product No One Ever Buys | 50 |
| Creating Scarcity | 50 |
| Selling More by Offering Additional Alternatives | 51 |
| Price Thresholds and Odd Prices | 53 |
| Prospect Theory | 56 |
| Prospect Theory and Price | 57 |
| Business or Economy? | 57 |
| Free or Paid: A Big Difference | 58 |
| Better to Pay in Cash | 58 |
| The Temptation of Credit Cards | 59 |
| “Cash Back” and Other Absurdities | 59 |
| Moon Prices | 60 |
| Price Structures | 61 |
| Mental Accounting | 62 |
| Neuro-Pricing | 63 |
| In Conclusion: Be Cautious! | 64 |
| 4: Price Positioning: High or Low | 66 |
|---|
| Success Strategies with Low Prices | 66 |
| Aldi | 66 |
| IKEA | 67 |
| H | 67 |
| 68 | 67 |
|---|
| Ryanair | 68 |
| Dell | 69 |
| Less Expensive Alternatives | 70 |
| Amazon and Zalando: Revenue vs. Profit | 70 |
| Success Factors for a Low-Price Strategy | 71 |
| Ultra-low Prices: Can You Go Lower than Low? | 72 |
| Dacia Logan and Tata Nano | 73 |
| Honda Wave | 73 |
| Ultra-low price Positioning in Other Consumer and Industrial Goods | 74 |
| Ultra-low Price Products Also for Sale in Highly Developed Countries? | 76 |
| Success Factors for an Ultra-low Price Strategy | 77 |
| Success Strategies with High Prices | 78 |
| Premium Pricing | 78 |
| Apple vs. Samsung | 79 |
| Gillette | 80 |
| Miele | 81 |
| Porsche | 81 |
| Enercon | 82 |
| “Bugs” Burger Bug Killers | 83 |
| Premium Strategies Can Also Backfire | 84 |
| Success Factors for a Premium Price Strategy | 85 |
| Success Strategies for Luxury Goods Pricing | 85 |
| How Much Does a Luxury Watch Cost? | 86 |
| Swiss Watches | 87 |
| LVMH and Richemont | 87 |
| Stumbling Blocks in Luxury Goods Marketing | 88 |
| Maybach | 88 |
| Are There Limits to Prices of Luxury Goods? | 90 |
| The Challenge of Creating Enduring Value | 90 |
| Observing Volume Limits | 91 |
| Success Factors for Luxury Goods Price Strategies | 92 |
| What Is the Most Promising Price Strategy to Pursue? | 93 |
| 5: Prices and Profits | 96 |
|---|
| Chasing the Wrong Goals? | 98 |
| How Does a Price Increase of 2 % Affect Profits? | 101 |
| Price Is the Most Effective Profit Driver | 102 |
| Now … Let’s Change Your Prices and See What Happens | 103 |
| Back to the Future: The General Motors Employee Discount Program | 106 |
| Prices, Margins, and Profits | 107 |
| Price Is a Unique Marketing Instrument | 108 |
| 6: Prices and Decisions | 111 |
|---|
| Who, What, Where, When, Why … and How? | 111 |
| The Effects of a Price Decision | 113 |
| Price and Volume | 114 |
| Using Costs to Set Prices | 115 |
| Following the Competition | 116 |
| Market-Based Price Setting | 117 |
| Sharing Value Fifty-Fifty | 118 |
| How to Determine Demand Curves and Price Elasticities | 120 |
| Expert Judgment: Making Direct Estimates of Price Elasticities | 120 |
| Asking Customers About Prices Directly | 122 |
| Asking Customers About Price Indirectly | 122 |
| Price Tests | 123 |
| The Big Data Myth: Using Market Data for Demand Curves and Price Elasticities | 123 |
| So … What About the Competitors’ Prices? | 125 |
| The Prisoner’s Dilemma: Let the Game Begin | 126 |
| Price Leadership | 127 |
| Signaling | 127 |
| Competitive Reaction and Price Decisions | 128 |
| Inflation: What It Is and Why It Matters for Price Decisions | 131 |
| Price and Inflation: A Lesson from Brazil | 133 |
| 7: Price Differentiation: The High Art | 135 |
|---|
| Going from the Profit Rectangle to the Profit Triangle | 136 |
| What Does a Can of Coca-Cola Cost?<
|