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Bona Dea and the Cults of Roman Women

:	Attilio Mastrocinque
:	Bona Dea and the Cults of Roman Women
:	Franz Steiner Verlag
:	9783515107549
:	1
:	CHF 54.20
:

:	Altertum
:	English

:	209
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Bona Dea, also known as Fauna, was a very important goddess of female initiations in Rome, and several features of hers were shared by similar goddesses in ancient Italy. This e-book sheds light on two hitherto unexplored features: the Dionysiac character and the Lydian style of her festivals. The wife of a consul took on the attitude and the attire of Omphale as the president of Dionysiac ceremonies. Faunus was supposed to precede Bacchus and give fecundity to the bride (i.e. Ariadne), whereas Hercules was thought of as an effeminate musician who created harmony. This was the correct ritual behaviour of prenuptial ceremonies, as it was depicted on many Dionysiac sarcophagi. The iconography of these monuments depicts important features of Faunus and Fauna. Believers are depicted on sarcophagi in the attitude of Bacchus or, in case of women, of either Ariadne or Omphale. A final comparison with initiations among native tribes of Oceania clarifies many rituals of the ancients.

Attilio Mastrocinque is full professor at the University of Verona and coordinator of the international doctorate in Arts and Archaeology (Ghent-Verona).

	CONTENTS	8
	I. PREFACE	12
	II. INTRODUCTION	14
	III. GIRLS AND PAGAN GODS	16
	1. METHOD	16
	2. VIRGINITY WITHOUT HYMEN	17
	3. GODS AND THE IUS PRIMÆ NOCTIS ACCORDING TO ST. AUGUSTINE	19
	4. PAGAN GODS AND THEIR IUS PRIMÆ NOCTIS	22
	5. SYMBOLIC ACTS	24
	6. LUPERCALIA	25
	7. WHIPS AND BOXES: DIVINE SYMBOLS OF FERTILITY	26
	IV. WEDDING INVITATION	28
	1. THE MYTH OF THE DISAPPOINTED HERCULES	28
	2. FAUNUS, A DISAPPOINTED GOD	30
	3. CEREMONIES AT THE HOME OF THE HIGHEST ROMAN MAGISTRATE	31
	4. THE MYTH OF BONA DEA	35
	5. CHARACTERISTICS OF BONA DEA	36
	6. BONA DEA AND DIONYSIAC MARRIAGE	37
	7. RULERS WHO PERFORMED HIEROGAMY RITUALS	38
	8. IMAGES OF DIONYSUS AND WOMEN ON ROMAN SARCOPHAGI	40
	9. HERCULES AT DIONYSUS’ WEDDING	45
	10. A DIONYSISM WITHOUT DIONYSUS?	51
	11. MEN AT THE FESTIVAL OF BONA DEA	53
	12. PLUMP LYDE’S BOX	57
	13. A RITUAL FOR BOYS	63
	14. THE FESTIVAL FOR MEN	67
	V. INITIATIONS AND POLITICAL POWER	71
	1. BACCHIC FESTIVALS AND ROMAN WOMEN	71
	2. HOW MANY CEREMONIES FOR BONA DEA?	75
	3. LIVIA AND BONA DEA	77
	4. THE SENACULUM MULIERUM	79
	VI. OMPHALE	83
	1. THE ITALIC ORIGINS OF THE ROMAN OMPHALE	83
	2. HERCULES MUSARUM	89
	3. THE MEANING OF CLODIUS DISGUISEMENT	95
	4. THE RITUAL OF JUNO CAPROTINA	99
	5. ROMAN GIRLS RAPED BY HERCULES	106
	6. DREAMING OF THE GOD	108
	7. THE MARRIAGE OF LAVINIA	111
	8. OMPHALE: A GODDESS OF MAGNA GRÆCIA	115
	9. OMPHALE, A LUCANIAN AND JAPYGIAN GODDESS	118
	10. OMPHALE WITHIN THE HELLENISTIC CULTS	120
	10. OMPHALE OR DEMETER?	123
	11. DEMETRIAN FEATURES OF BONA DEA’S FESTIVALS	124
	12. CHRONOLOGY	126
	13. THE GODDESS OF WOMANHOOD	129
	VII. THE REIGN OF BACCHUS	132
	1. LIBER AND LIBERA	132
	2. LIBERA AND ARIADNE	134
	3. ORIENTAL CULTS?	136
	4. THE ORPHISM OF BONA DEA	137
	5. ORPHIC PATTERNS	142
	VIII. DIVINE DAUGHTERS AND WIVES	145
	1. THE RITUALS AND MYTHOLOGY OF ANNA PERENNA	145
	2. SOCIAL STATUS AND FERTILITY RITUALS	149
	3. THE MEANING OF THE RITUALS	150
	4. ?URI, AN ETRUSCAN AND FALISCAN GOD	156
	5. CAVATHA, AN ETRUSCAN QUEEN OF THE NETHERWORLD	162
	6. ?URI AND FAUNUS IN A BACCHIC WORLD	164
	7. POMONUS AND VESUNA	167
	8. CIRCE AND PICUS	168
	9. POMONA AND VERTUMNUS	170
	10. MARICA AND MARES	174
	11. MINERVA TRITONIA AND TRITON IN LAVINIUM	176
	IX. OPPOSITION AND COMPLEMENTARITY	181
	1. FOREST AND GARDEN	181
	2. WINE	184
	3. FLORA	185
	4. THE CALENDAR	190
	5. INITIATIONS	191
	6. CONCLUSION	196
	ABBREVIATIONS	198
	BIBLIOGRAPHY	200
	INDEX	202