ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Nanoscale Surface Modification for Enhanced Biosensing A Journey Toward Better Glucose Monitoring

:	Guigen Zhang
:	Nanoscale Surface Modification for Enhanced Biosensing A Journey Toward Better Glucose Monitoring
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319174792
:	1
:	CHF 86.70
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	108
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book gives a comprehensive overview of electrochemical-based biosensors and their crucial components. Practical examples are given throughout the text to illustrate how the performance of electrochemical-based biosensors can be improved by nanoscale surface modification and how an optimal design can be achieved. All essential aspects of biosensors are considered, including electrode functionalization, efficiency of the mass transport of reactive species, and long term durability and functionality of the sensor.

This book also:

· Explains how the performance of an electrochemical-based biosensor can be improved by nanoscale surface modification

· Gives readers the tools to evaluate and improve the performance of a biosensor with a multidisciplinary approach that considers electrical, electrostatic, electrochemical, chemical, and biochemical events

· Links the performance of a sensor to the various governing physical and chemical principles so readers can fully understand how a biosensor with nanoscale modified electrode surface functions.

	Preface	8
	Acknowledgments	10
	Contents	12
	Acronyms	16
	1 A Brief Overview of Biosensors	17
	1.1 What is Biosensor	17
	1.2 Basic Requirements for Biosensors	18
	1.3 Various Surface Sensitive Elements	19
	1.4 Various Transduction Methods	20
	1.4.1 Mechanical Transduction	20
	1.4.2 Optical and Electromagnetic Transduction	21
	1.4.3 Electrical Transduction	22
	1.4.4 Electrochemical Transduction	23
	1.5 The Surface of Electrodes in Biosensors	24
	References	25
	2 Morphological Surface Modification	29
	2.1 Increasing Surface Area with Nanopillars	29
	2.2 Fabricating Aqua-Robust Nanopillar Structures	31
	2.2.1 Making PAA Templates	31
	2.2.2 Quantifying the Pore Dimensions and Their Relationships with Anodization Potential	33
	2.2.3 Fabricating Nanopillar Structures	35
	2.2.4 Confirmation for Surface Area Enhancement	37
	2.3 Fabricating Nanopillar Structures on-a-Chip	39
	2.3.1 Depositing Al/Au/Ti layers on a Glass Slide	39
	2.3.2 Anodizing the Al Layer and Removing the Barrier Layer	40
	2.3.3 Electrodepositing Nanopillars and Removing PAA	41
	2.3.4 A Film of Standing Nanopillars on-a-Chip and Its Further Processing into Micropatterns	42
	References	43
	3 Biochemical Surface Modification	45
	3.1 The Need for Surface Functionalization	45
	3.2 Surface Functionalization Using Conducting Polymers	46
	3.2.1 Experimental Procedure	47
	3.2.2 Some Basics on Amperometry	48
	3.2.3 Effect of Varying Surface Roughness Factor	49
	3.2.4 Effect of Varying Deposition Current Density	50
	3.2.5 Effect of Varying Total Charge Passed for Deposition	52
	3.2.6 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity	53
	3.3 Surface Functionalization Using Self-Assembled Monolayers	54
	3.3.1 Experimental Procedure	55
	3.3.2 Some Basics on CV and EIS Experiments	56
	3.3.3 Characterization of SAM Formation	58
	3.3.4 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity	62
	3.4 SAM Based Surface Modification for Affinity-Type Biosensors	64
	3.4.1 Surface Adsorption of MUA, Avidin and Biotin	65
	3.4.2 Coupling of Avidin and Biotin at Various Concentrations	67
	3.4.3 Calibration for Detection Sensitivity for Avidin–Biotin Interaction	69
	References	71
	4 Adding Nanoparticles in Chemical Modification	73
	4.1 The Possibility of Using Nanoparticles to Improve Enzyme Stability	73
	4.2 Experimental Procedures	74
	4.2.1 Reagents and Solutions	74
	4.2.2 GNPs Synthesis	74
	4.2.3 Electrode Functionalization with Enzyme and GNPs	75
	4.3 TEM Views of GNPs	76
	4.4 Electrochemical Characterization of GNP AssistedFunctionalization	77
	4.5 Zeta Potential	78
	4.6 UV–Vis Absorbance Spectroscopy	79
	4.7 UV–Vis Fluorescence Spectroscopy	80
	4.8 Glucose Detection and Sensitivity Calibration	80
	References	83
	5 Surface Modified Electrodes in a Microfluidic Biosensor	84
	5.1 Fluidic Biosensors	84
	5.2 Development of a Fluidic Sensor Device	85
	5.3 Electrode Functionalization	86
	5.4 Glucose Detection	87
	5.5 Effect of Flow Rate, Channel Height and Width	90
	5.6 Effect of Adding GNPs	93
	References	93
	6 Concluding Remarks	95
	6.1 What Have We Learned?	95
	6.2 What is Ahead?	96
	A Detailed Processing Steps Used for the Experiments Discussed	98
	A.1 RCA Cleaning	98
	A.2 PVD of Multi-Layer Metal Films on Glass Slides	99
	A.2.1 Cleaning of Glass Slides	99
	A.2.2 Film Deposition Using E-Beam Evaporator	99
	Depositing the First Ti Layer	100
	Depositing the Second Au Layer	100
	Depositing the Third Al Layer	101
	A.2.3 Leaving the E-Beam in Stand-by	101
	A.2.4 Getting the Samples Out of the E-Beam Evaporator	101
	A.3 PAA Templates Formation by Anodization	102
	A.3.1 One-Step Anodization of the E-Beam Formed Film	102
	A.3.2 Two-Step Anodization of the E-Beam Formed Film	102
	A.3.3 Two-Step Anodization of a High Purity Al Sheet	103
	A.4 Nanopillar Development Through Electrodeposition	103
	A.4.1 Gold Nanopillars	104
	A.4.2 Silver Nanopillars	104
	A.5 Micro-Patterning	104
	A.6 Fabricating Integrated Micro-Nano Electrodes	105
	Index	107