| Preface | 6 |
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| Acknowledgements | 8 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| Chapter 1: Design Thinking and Education | 14 |
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| 1.1 Introduction | 14 |
| 1.2 Design and Design Thinking | 15 |
| 1.3 Situating Design Thinking in a Provisional Conceptual Framework | 17 |
| 1.4 Education: The Old Design and Its Problems | 19 |
| 1.5 Education: The New Design | 22 |
| 1.6 Conclusion | 25 |
| References | 26 |
| Chapter 2: Critical Perspectives on Design and Design Thinking | 29 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 29 |
| 2.2 Three Major Theorists of Design | 30 |
| 2.2.1 Herbert Simon | 30 |
| 2.2.2 Donald Schön | 33 |
| 2.2.3 Nigel Cross | 35 |
| 2.3 Design: History, Culture, and Ethics | 38 |
| References | 43 |
| Chapter 3: Design Thinking and 21st Century Skills | 44 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 44 |
| 3.2 The Dimensions of 21st Century Learning | 45 |
| 3.2.1 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development´s Key Competencies for Education | 45 |
| 3.2.2 The Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills | 46 |
| 3.2.3 EnGauge 21st Century Skills | 46 |
| 3.2.4 The Partnership for 21st Century Learning | 47 |
| 3.3 21st Century Learning Through Student Engagement in Design Thinking | 48 |
| 3.3.1 Episodes for Guiding Design Thinking | 49 |
| 3.3.2 Artifact Design as the Nexus | 51 |
| 3.4 Teachers´ TPACK for 21st Century Learning | 52 |
| 3.4.1 TPACK-21CL | 52 |
| 3.4.2 TPACK-21CL as Design Knowledge | 53 |
| 3.4.3 Understanding Teachers´ Design Thinking During Lesson Design | 54 |
| 3.5 21st Century Learning Through Design Thinking | 55 |
| References | 55 |
| Chapter 4: Design Thinking and Children | 58 |
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| 4.1 Introduction |
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