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Coping with Demographic Change: A Comparative View on Education and Local Government in Germany and Poland

:	Reinhold Sackmann, Walter Bartl, Bernadette Jonda, Katarzyna Kopycka, Christian Rademacher
:	Coping with Demographic Change: A Comparative View on Education and Local Government in Germany and Poland
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783319103013
:	1
:	CHF 47.40
:

:	Politische Soziologie
:	English

:	285
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

With many OECD countries experiencing a decline in their populations, this bookoffers a theoretical model of coping with demographic change and examines different strategies that societies have used to come to terms with demographic change. In particular, it details the different ways that Germany and Poland have tried to cope with this challenge and reveals three conflicting strategies: expansion, reduction, and phasing out.

Coverageinc udes:

· How and why demographic change was used in Poland to expand the education system

· The variance of linkage between demographic change and growth rates in different fields of education in a German Bundesland

· Modes of reflexivity and personnel policy in German and Polish municipalities

· Effects of demographic change and forms of coping on fiscal capacity and unemployment rates in German municipalities

Copin with Demographic Change examines how and why societies cope with these detrimental effects. It conceptualizes the challenges a society faces as a result of demographic change and focuses on the processes by which actors, organizations and nation-states try to cope with this new situation.

	Contents	6
	Chapter-1	9
	Introduction	9
	References	14
	Chapter-2	15
	Demographic Change as a Challenge	15
	2.1 Current Demographic Structure in Germany and Poland	17
	2.2 Determinants of Lower Fertility Rates	19
	2.3 Determinants of Mortality Decline	23
	2.4 Determinants of Migration Patterns	24
	2.4.1 Structural Components	25
	2.4.2 Patterns of Migration in the Individual Life Course	26
	2.4.3 Networks	27
	2.4.4 Border Regimes	28
	2.4.5 Hybrid Forms	29
	References	30
	Chapter-3	33
	How Do Societies Cope with Complex Demographic Challenges? A Model	33
	3.1 A Short Review	34
	3.2 Demographic Ways of Coping with Demographic Change	38
	3.3 Non-demographic Ways of Coping with Demographic Change	40
	3.3.1 Problem Framing	40
	3.3.2 Coping	44
	3.3.3 Institution	49
	3.3.3.1 Do Public Labour Markets Lack Flexibility?	52
	3.3.3.2 Peculiarities of Public Sector Labour Markets: Professions and Civil Servants	53
	3.3.3.3 Demographic Change and the Division of Labour	55
	3.3.4 Mentalities	56
	3.4 Short Summary	59
	References	61
	Chapter-4	66
	Data Sets and Methods Used	66
	4.1 Methodologies for Studying Coping with Demographic Change	66
	4.2 The Data Sets Created and Used	67
	4.3 Approach to Data Analysis	71
	Electronic Supplementary Material	71
	References	72
	Chapter-5	73
	Why do Municipalities ‘Think’ in Demographic Terms? Governing by Population Numbers in Germany and Poland	73
	5.1 Introduction	73
	5.2 Is Demographic Change Relevant to Public Sector Organisations?	75
	5.3 In-kind Calculation of Municipal Services Based on Population Numbers	79
	5.3.1 Municipal Tasks and Territorial Reforms	80
	5.3.2 In-kind Calculation of Human Resources	84
	5.3.3 Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations	87
	5.4 Demographic Responsiveness of Local Government Revenues in Germany and Poland	90
	5.4.1 Empirical Strategy: Panel Analysis	91
	5.4.2 Data Sources and Coverage	91
	5.4.3 Operationalisation of Variables	92
	5.4.4 Empirical Results	93
	5.5 Conclusion	96
	Electronic Supplementary Material	97
	References	97
	Chapter-6	101
	Coping with Demographic Decline in German and Polish Municipalities	101
	6.1 Introduction	101
	6.2 Comparing Municipal Framing and Coping Strategies	103
	6.3 Growth Frames and the Expansion of Public Services	104
	6.3.1 Maintaining “Skilled Employment”	105
	6.3.2 Fertility Decline as an Opportunity for Task Expansion	107
	6.3.3 Professionalising the Local Public Administration Workforce	108
	6.4 Demographisation Frames and Reduction Strategies	110
	6.4.1 An “Incredible Loss of Residents”	111
	6.4.2 Legitimate and Illegitimate Instruments of Staff Reduction	112
	6.4.3 Reduction of Collective Working Hours: A Third Way?	115
	6.5 Realistic Frames	116
	6.6 Denial Frames	118
	6.7 Reorganisation of Public Services Through Privatisation	122
	6.8 Second-Order Problems of Personnel Downsizing in Internal Labour Markets	125
	6.8.1 Rapidly Ageing Workforces	125
	6.8.2 Mismatches of Demands and Available Staff	127
	6.8.3 Skills Shortage as a Strategic Challenge	129
	6.9 Conclusion	130
	References	132
	Chapter-7	137
	Expansive Reaction to Demographic Change: The Case of the Polish Educational Sector	137
	7.1 Inevitable Consequences of Demographic Change?	138
	7.2 Forms of Expansion of the Polish Educational Sector at the Central and Local Government Level	141
	7.2.1 Expansion Policies at the National Level	141
	7.2.2 Expansion Policy at the Local Level	144
	7.3 Consequences of Expansion Strategies	150
	7.3.1 School Quality	150
	7.3.2 Fiscal Stability	153
	7.3.3 Teacher Labour Market	155
	7.4 Concluding Remarks	159
	References	162
	Chapter-8	167
	The Demographic Responsiveness of Education Demand and Supply at Different Levels of the Education System	167
	8.1 Introduction	167
	8.2 The Demographic Responsiveness of the Education System	169
	8.3 Demographic Responsiveness of the Education System in Saxony-Anhalt	171
	8.3.1 Early Childhood Education and Care	172
	8.3.2 Primary and Secondary General Schools	174
	8.3.3 Vocational Schools	179
	8.3.4 Higher Education	182
	8.3.5 Comparison Across the Levels of the Education System	185
	8.4 Eq