| Preface | 6 |
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| Acknowledgments | 7 |
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| Contents | 8 |
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| About the Author | 10 |
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| Chapter-1 | 11 |
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| Introduction/History of Learning Disability Assessment | 11 |
| Introduction | 11 |
| Why Diagnose Learning Disabilities? | 11 |
| Overview of Learning Disabilities Definitions | 13 |
| Overview of Learning Disabilities Identification | 15 |
| Origins of LD and Early Practices | 19 |
| The Beginning of the LD Movement | 22 |
| Summary of Key Points | 24 |
| Questions and Answers with the Expert: Joseph K. Torgesen | 25 |
| Chapter-2 | 29 |
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| Aptitude–Achievement Discrepancy | 29 |
| Origin of Discrepancy Criteria | 29 |
| Discrepancy Within Identification Criteria | 30 |
| Calculating Severe Discrepancy | 30 |
| Simple Standard Score Discrepancy | 30 |
| Regression Models of Discrepancy | 31 |
| Psychometric Considerations | 33 |
| Dissatisfaction with Discrepancy | 35 |
| Intelligence as a Controversial Concept | 35 |
| Effect of LDs on Intelligence Test Performance | 36 |
| The Matthew Effect | 36 |
| Global IQ May be Less Meaningful for Individuals with LD | 36 |
| Variability in Identification | 37 |
| IQ Does Not Equal Potential | 37 |
| Garden Variety Poor Readers vs. Reader with Dyslexia | 38 |
| Intelligence Does Not Predict Reading Ability | 38 |
| “Wait to Fail” Model | 38 |
| Intelligence Does Not Guide Treatment | 39 |
| In Defense of Intelligence | 39 |
| Gifted Individuals with LD | 40 |
| Another Type of Discrepancy | 41 |
| Case Examples | 42 |
| Referral Question and Background | 42 |
| Referral Question | 42 |
| Family History | 43 |
| Developmental History | 43 |
| Educational History | 43 |
| Affect and Social Characteristics | 44 |
| General Behavioral Observations | 44 |
| Cognitive Functioning | 44 |
| Academic Functioning | 45 |
| Reading Achievement | 45 |
| Written Language Skills | 46 |
| Oral Language | 46 |
| Mathematics | 46 |
| Behavioral and Social–Emotional Functioning | 47 |
| Parent Reports | 47 |
| Teacher Reports | 48 |
| Self Report | 49 |
| Summary and Diagnostic Impressions | 50 |
| Recommendations | 50 |
| Evaluation Instruments Administered | 51 |
| Reason for Referral | 51 |
| Background Information | 51 |
| Social History | 52 |
| General Description/Testing Observations | 52 |
| Test Results and Interpretation | 52 |
| Intelligence | 52 |
| Academic Achievement | 53 |
| Social/Emotional/Behavioral Rating Scales | 55 |
| Clinical Interview | 58 |
| Classroom Observation | 58 |
| Summary | 58 |
| Summary of Key Points | 59 |
| Questions and Answers with the Expert: Cecil R. Reynolds | 60 |
| Chapter-3 | 62 |
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| Cognitive Processing | 62 |
| A Brief History of Processes | 62 |
| What Are Psychological Processes? | 63 |
| Contemporary Assessment of Cognitive Processes | 65 |
| Support for Processing Assessment | 68 |
| Critique of Processing Assessment | 69 |
| Case Examples | 70 |
| Background Information | 71 |
| Testing Observations | 72 |
| Evaluation Results | 73 |
| Summary and Diagnostic Impressions | 88 |
| Referral and Background Information | 90 |
| Reason for Referral | 90 |
| Educational History | 90 |
| Background Information | 90 |
| General Observations and Impressions | 91 |
| Test Results and Interpretations | 91 |
| Intellectual Functioning | 91 |
| Academic Achievement | 93 |
| Work Samples | 95 |
| Cognitive Processing | 96 |
| Summary of Cognitive Processes | 101 |
| Social/Emotional/Behavioral Rating Scales | 102 |
| Clinical Interview | 103 |
| IDEA Disability Criteria | 104 |
| Summary | 104 |
| Summary of Key Points | 105 |
| Questions and Answers with the Expert: Jack Naglieri | 106 |
| Chapter-4 | 110 |
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| Response to Intervention | 110 |
| Curriculum-Based Measurement in an RTI Framework | 111 |
| Support for Response to Intervention |
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