| Introduction | 7 |
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| Part I: The Nature of Accent | 15 |
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| 1 The Social Nature of L2 Pronunciation | 17 |
| 2 Acoustic-Phonetic Parameters in the Perception of Accent | 37 |
| 3 Developmental Sequences and Constraints in Second Language Phonological Acquisition: Balancing Language-internal and Languageexternal Factors | 59 |
| 4 Suprasegmental Measures of Accentedness | 81 |
| Part II: The Learner’s Approach to Pronunciation in Social Context | 101 |
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| 5 Understanding the Impact of Social Factors on L2 Pronunciation: Insights from Learners | 103 |
| 6 L2 Accent Choices and Language Contact | 125 |
| 7 Accentedness, “Passing” and Crossing | 151 |
| Part III: The Teacher’s Approach to Accent | 175 |
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| 8 Problematizing the Dependence on L1 Norms in Pronunciation Teaching Attitudes toward Second-language Accents | 177 |
| 9 Phonological Literacy in L2 Learning and Teacher Training | 201 |
| 10 Training Native Speakers to Listen to L2 Speech | 225 |
| Part IV: The Social Impact of Accent | 243 |
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| 11 Listener Expectations, Reverse Linguistic Stereotyping, and Individual Background Factors in Social Judgments and Oral Performance Assessment | 245 |
| 12 Accent and ‘Othering’ in the Workplace | 261 |
| Part V: Conclusions | 279 |
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| 13 Future Directions in the Research and Teaching of L2 Pronunciation | 281 |
| Subject index | 299 |
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