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Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities A Guidebook on Successful Urban Energy Planning

:	pro:21 GmbH, Bonn, Projektträger Energie, Forschungszentrum Jülich
:	Case Studies and Guidelines for Energy Efficient Communities A Guidebook on Successful Urban Energy Planning
:	Fraunhofer IRB Verlag
:	9783816791232
:	1
:	CHF 43.40
:

:	Bau- und Umwelttechnik
:	English

:	302
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

What are the barriers that prevent us from achieving our long-term energy goals in cities or, more generally, in our built environment? What can be learned from successful Case Studies in neighborhoods, districts or cities? Is there any economically viable way to apply these advancements to whole cities?
This Annex 51 wants to provide such answers, based on the evaluation of over 20 Case Studies carried out within the 11 participating countries and elaborated in the form of this guidebook on successful local energy planning. In eight chapters and several detailed attachments a manual to derive municipal energy master plans for towns or cities on one hand, and local neighborhood energy plans on the other is presented, which serves as a guideline for municipal decision makers, real estate developers and urban planners as well.

	Cover	1
	Interior titel	2
	Imprint	3
	Preface	4
	Acknowledgements	7
	List of Abbreviations	9
	Energy Related Abbreviations	10
	Table of Contents	11
	1 Introduction	16
	1.1 Climate science and policy background	16
	1.2 Implications for communities	16
	1.3 Systems approach	17
	1.4 International co-operation and Annex 51 approach	19
	1.5 Guidebook approach	20
	1.6 A few words on terminology	22
	2 Local Energy	22
	25	22
	2.1 Local energy planning as a key factor in climate protection policy	25
	2.2 Legal and policy frameworks	26
	2.3 Financial frameworks	35
	2.3.1 Funds	35
	2.3.2 Grants	38
	2.3.3 Feed-in tariffs	39
	2.3.4 Subsidies	43
	2.3.5 Tax schemes	44
	2.3.6 Additional options	47
	2.4 Voluntary agreements and networks	47
	2.5 General conclusions on legal and financial frameworks	49
	3 LocalE nergy Planning Methods: From Demandto Future-proof Solutions	52
	3.1 The transition process	52
	3.1.1 Leadership models	53
	3.2 The local energy planning transition process	56
	3.3 Step 1 Create an energy and emissions inventory or balance	57
	3.3.1 A few words on data	57
	3.3.1 A few words on data	57
	3.3.2 A few words on inventories	58
	3.3.3 Data sources to profile energy demand	60
	3.3.4 Other types of data sets to contextualize energy demand and supply	63
	3.3.5 Data sources to profile conventional energy supply	64
	3.3.6 Data sources to profile renewable energy supply	64
	3.4 Step 2 Engage stakeholders, create a vision and set targets	67
	3.4.1 Stakeholder analysis	67
	3.4.2 The transition arena	69
	3.4.3 The energy working group	69
	3.4.4 Create a vision	70
	3.4.5 Set targets	71
	3.5 Step 3 Assess opportunities and develop scenarios	72
	3.5.1 Assess opportunities	72
	3.5.2 Supporting indicators	73
	3.5.3 Scenarios	74
	3.5.4 Backcasting and forecasting	75
	3.5.5 Roadmaps	77
	3.5.6 Charrette	79
	3.6 Step 4 Create municipal energy master plans and neighbourhood energy plans	80
	3.6.1 Municipal energy master plan	80
	3.6.2 Neighbourhood energy plans	82
	3.7 Step 5 Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback	86
	3.7.1 Process design instruments	87
	3.7.2 Integrated management strategies	88
	3.7.3 Process management co-ordinator	89
	3.7.4 Responsibilities of municipal departments	89
	3.7.5 Co-ordinating the energy working group	90
	3.7.6 Monitoring	91
	3.7.7 Evaluation and feedback	92
	3.8 Technical improvement options, economic feasibility	94
	3.8.1 Technology and policy approaches available to governments	94
	3.8.2 Technologies available to the developer / contractor	98
	3.8.3 Technologies available to the occupant	105
	4 Community Energyand Emissions Inventoryand Modelling Tools to Support Local Energy Planning (LEP)	107
	4.1 Introduction	107
	4.2 The scope of LEP and the need for inventories and models	107
	4.3 Energy and GHG emissions inventories	109
	4.3.1 Selected examples of inventories and balancing tools in practical application	109
	4.4 Energy modelling approaches	112
	4.5 Examples of models in development and practical application	116
	4.6 User needs	124
	4.7 Selecting a modelling approach	125
	4.8 Communicating the modelling concept	127
	4.9 Perspectives on future directions	128
	Web-Sources for Information on Municipal Energy Inventory Tools	130
	5 The District Energy Concept Adviser (D-ECA): Software from IEA EBC Annex 51 to Support District Energy System Planning	131
	5.1 The tool in brief	131
	5.2 Background and aim	131
	5.3 Tool sections	133
	5.4 How to use the main sections	134
	5.4.1 Performance rating	134
	5.4.2 Case studies of energy efficient districts	136
	5.4.3 Energy efficient strategies and technologies	138
	5.4.4 Energy assessment of districts	139
	5.5 User guide	147
	5.6 Test calculations to assess the accuracy of the calculation tool	147
	5.6.1 Evaluation results of the exemplary district Stuttgart-Burgholzhof	150
	5.7 Download source	152
	6 Energy Efficient Neighbourhood Case Studies	154
	6.1 Neighbourhood case studies	154
	6.2 Successful neighbourhood developments	154
	6.2.1 Energy efficiency is profitable	154
	6.2.2 The decision making process	156
	6.2.3 Planning urban development projects	160
	6.2.4 Implementation	162
	6.2.5 Barriers	164
	6.3 Lowering energy demand efficiently	166
	6.3.1 Single buildings or whole neighbourhoods?	166
	6.3.2 Increased comfort paid for through energy efficiency	167
	6.3.3 Monitoring and evaluation	171
	6.4 Lessons learned from neighbourhood case studies	173
	6.4.1 Why districts or neighbourhoods?	173
	6.4.2 An integrated planning approach	173
	6.4.3 Organization	174