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Misunderstandings in English as a Lingua Franca An Analysis of ELF Interactions in South-East Asia

:	David Deterding
:	Misunderstandings in English as a Lingua Franca An Analysis of ELF Interactions in South-East Asia
:	De Gruyter Mouton
:	9783110288599
:	Developments in English as a Lingua Franca [DELF]ISSN
:	1
:	CHF 124.20
:

:	Allgemeine und Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft
:	English

:	218
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >This book explores the nature and causes of misunderstandings in ELF interactions. It is based on a corpus of conversations between English speakers from south and east Asia that helps us investigate what causes misunderstandings, particularly the pronunciation, grammar, word choice, and discourse. The book also considers how such misunderstandings may be signalled and repaired. Finally, it discusses the implications for teaching English around the world and offers guidance to teachers in enabling their students to become highly intelligible.

< >David Deterding, University of Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.

	List of abbreviations	9
	Keywords for Vowels	9
	Transcription conventions	10
	Chapter 1 Introduction	11
	1.1. Scope of the investigation	12
	1.2. Overview of the book	13
	Chapter 2 ELF, intelligibility and misunderstandings	14
	2.1. ELF and World Englishes	14
	2.2. The Lingua Franca Core (LFC)	17
	2.3. Intelligibility	19
	2.4. Misunderstandings	22
	2.5. Repairs	24
	2.6. Accommodation	26
	2.7. Conversation Analysis	27
	2.8. Conclusion	29
	Chapter 3 Data and methodology	30
	3.1. CMACE	30
	3.1.1. Speakers	31
	3.1.2. Recordings	33
	3.1.3. Transcription	34
	3.2. Analysis	37
	3.2.1. Instances and tokens	37
	3.2.2. Classification	40
	Chapter 4 Pronunciation	43
	4.1. Consonants	44
	4.1.1. TH	44
	4.1.2. Initial [h]	50
	4.1.3. [n],[l], [r] and [w]	51
	4.1.4. Initial consonant cluster simplification	54
	4.1.5. Final consonant cluster simplification	57
	4.1.6. Dark-L	61
	4.1.7. Aspiration and voicing	65
	4.1.8. Fricatives and affricates	68
	4.1.9. Other missing consonants	71
	4.1.10. Consonants: summary	73
	4.2. Vowels	73
	4.2.1. NURSE	74
	4.2.2. TRAP	75
	4.2.3. FACE	78
	4.2.4. Vowel length	78
	4.2.5. Vowel reduction	80
	4.2.6. Miscellaneous vowels	81
	4.2.7. Vowels: summary	83
	4.3. Spelling pronunciation	83
	4.4. Stress	84
	4.4.1. Word stress	84
	4.4.2. Utterance stress	87
	4.5. Rhythm, intonation and speaking rate	89
	4.5.1. Rhythm	89
	4.5.2. Intonation	90
	4.5.3. Speaking rate	91
	4.5.4. Syllables	93
	4.5.5. Laughter	95
	4.6. Phonetic accommodation	95
	4.6.1. Listening accommodation	96
	4.6.2. Speaking accommodation	97
	4.7. Summary of pronunciation	97
	Chapter 5 Lexis, grammar and code-switching	102
	5.1. Lexis	102
	5.1.1. Words	102
	5.1.2. Phrases	104
	5.1.3. Idioms	108
	5.1.4. Shifted meaning	110
	5.1.5. Polysemes	115
	5.2. Grammar	117
	5.2.1. Plural nouns	118
	5.2.2. Articles	121
	5.2.3. Verb suffixes	124
	5.2.4 Missing verbs	127
	5.2.5. Prepositions	129
	5.2.6. Word order	130
	5.2.7. Other grammar issues	131
	5.3. Code-switching	133
	5.4. Miscellaneous	138
	5.5. Summary of lexis, grammar and code-switching	140
	Chapter 6 Repairs	141
	6.1. Self-initiated repairs	141
	6.1.1. Correcting oneself	141
	6.1.2. Unprompted paraphrase	142
	6.1.3. Asking for help	146
	6.2. Responses to misunderstandings	148
	6.2.1. Asking for clarification	149
	6.2.2. Correcting	154
	6.2.3. Silence	155
	6.2.4. Backchannels	157
	6.2.5. Selecting part of the utterance	160
	6.2.6. Changing the topic	162
	6.2.7. Laughter	164
	6.2.8. Non-awareness	166
	6.3. Avoiding misunderstandings	167
	6.3.1. Topic fronting	167
	6.3.2. Lexical repetition	169
	6.3.3. Echoing	172
	6.3.4. Collaborative completions	174
	6.4. Summary of repairs	177
	Chapter 7 Implications for pedagogy	178
	7.2. Pronunciation teaching	182
	7.3. Materials for ELF-based teaching	184
	7.4. Teaching accommodation	185
	7.6. Prognosis for the future	187
	Appendix The tokens of misunderstanding in CMACE	189
	References	201
	Author Index	212
	Subject Index	214