: Ilana Mushin
: A Grammar of (Western) Garrwa Grammar of (Western) Garrwa
: De Gruyter Mouton
: 9781614512417
: Pacific Linguistics [PL]ISSN
: 1
: CHF 124.30
:
: Sonstige Sprachen / Sonstige Literaturen
: English
: 494
: Wasserzeichen
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF
< PAN lang=EN-GB>

Mushin provides the first full grammatical description of Garrwa, a critically endangered language of the Southwest Gulf of Carpentaria region in Northern Australia. Garrwa is typologically interesting because of its uncertain status in the Australian language family, its pronouns and its word order syntax. This book covers Garrwa phonology, morphology and syntax, with a particular focus on the use of grammar in discourse. The grammatical description is supplemented with a word list and text collection, including transcriptions of ordinary conversation.



< >Ilana Mushin, University of Queensland, Australia.
Preface and acknowledgements7
List of glossing conventions17
1 The Garrwa language and its speakers19
1.1 Garrwa country and contact history19
1.2 Language status22
1.3 Linguistic affiliation23
1.4 Social organization25
1.5 Previous linguistic work on Garrwa28
1.6 A note on the referencing of examples29
2 Phonology31
2.1 Consonants32
2.1.1 Segmental phonemes32
2.1.2 Palato-velar consonant33
2.1.3 Phonemic status of retroflex34
2.1.4 Lenition36
2.1.5 Consonant clusters37
2.2 Vowels40
2.3 Phonotactics41
2.3.1 Syllable structure41
2.3.2 Word-final /n/42
2.4 Stress44
2.5 Morphophonemics46
2.5.1 Reduplication47
2.5.2 Loss of segments in connected speech48
2.6 English loanwords49
3 Grammatical overview51
3.1 Morphosyntactic typology51
3.2 Word classes55
3.2.1 Nouns55
3.2.2 Verbs56
3.2.3 Closed classes: Pronouns, demonstratives, and directionals57
3.2.3.1 Pronouns58
3.2.3.2 Demonstratives59
3.2.3.3 Directionals60
3.2.4 Particles and clitics60
4 Nouns62
4.1 Common nouns62
4.2 Kinship nouns63
4.2.1 Single kin terms64
4.2.2 Dyadic kin terms67
4.2.3 Kinship morphology68
4.3 Numerals and other quantity nouns71
4.4 Nominal case-marking74
4.4.1 Ergative -wanyi76
4.4.2 Dative -nyi80
4.4.3 Locative -(i)na86
4.4.4 Allative -yurri90
4.4.5 Ablative -nanyi91
4.4.6 Translocative -yangka92
4.5 Other mominal morphology92
4.5.1 Yudi ‘with’93
4.5.2 -Mirra ‘intensifier’94
4.5.3 -Yurru ‘deceased’95
4.6 Number marking for human referents96
4.6.1 -Wuya ‘dual’97
4.6.2 -Muku ‘plural’97
4.7 Possession99
5 Pronouns102
5.1 Pronominal categories102
5.2 Pronominal case marking104
5.3 Variation in pronominal forms107
5.3.1 Trisyllabic and disyllabic forms of pronouns107
5.3.2 Reduction of first person singular pronouns111
5.4 Compound pronouns111
5.5 Reflexive/reciprocal pronouns117
5.6 Co-occurrence of pronouns and nouns121
5.7 Are Garrwa pronouns free, bound, or both?126
6 Demonstratives, directionals, and interrogatives132
6.1 Demonstratives132
6.1.1 Absolutive133
6.1.2 Demonstrative case marking136
6.1.2.1 Ergative (-(ngi)ni)136
6.1.2.2 Dative (-n-kanyi)137
6.1.2.3 Locative (-nyina)138
6.1.2.4 Allative (-n-kurri)139
6.1.2.5 Ablative (-nbu-nanyi / -mu-nanyi)140
6.1.3 Adverbial demonstratives141
6.1.3.1 Nayi-ba/ Nana-ba ‘deictic demonstrative’141
6.1.3.2 Nana-wa/nayi-wa ‘directional demonstrative’143
6.1.3.3 Nana-ma ‘identifiable’144
6.1.3.4 Nani ‘like this/that’146
6.2 Directionals148
6.2.1 Compass directionals148
6.2.2 Kingkarri ‘up’ and wayka ‘down’154
6.2.3 Location adverbials157
6.3 Interrogative words161
6.3.1 Wanya ‘what/who’161
6.3.2 Winjawa ‘where’163
6.3.3 Yangka ‘which way’164
6.4 Temporal orientation166
6.4.1 Times of day166
6.4.2 Relative time168
6.4.2.1 Nanijba ‘right now’168
6.4.2.2 Wabula and wankala ‘olden times’169
6.4.2.3 Wujina ‘a while ago’170
6.4.2.4 Wulani ‘day before’170
6.4.2.5 Barrin ‘earlier today’171
6.4.2.6 Munganawa ‘next day’172
6.4.2.7 Baku ‘later’172
6.4.2.8 Winyurru ‘soon’173
7 Verbs174
7.1 ‘Basic’ verbs175
7.1.1 Conjugation class 1 (m-class)175
7.1.2 Conjugation class 2 (j-class)178
7.1.2.1 -Daba181
7.1.3 Conjugation 3 (n-class)181
7.1.4 Origins and ongoing changes to the system184
7.2 Verbs derived from other word-class roots185
7.2.1 Class 1 derived verbs186
7.2.1.1 Class 1 verbs derived from descriptive nominals186
7.2.1.2 Class 1 verbs derived from locationals187
7.2.1.3 Class 1 verb derived from interrogative188
7.2.1.4 Class 1 verbs derived from substantive nouns188
7.2.1.5 Class 1 verbs derived from kin terms189
7.2.1.6 Class 1 verbs derived from class 3 verbs190
7.2.2 Class 2 derived verbs190
7.2.2.1 Class 2 verbs derived from descriptive nominals191
7.2.2.2 Class 2 verbs derived from locationals and temporals191
7.2.2.3 Class 2 verbs derived from substantive nominals192
7.2.2.4 Class 2B derivations193
7.2.3 Productivity of verb derivation194
7.3 Augmented verb stems195
7.3.1 -Rri- ‘cause state’196
7.3.2 -Kunu- ‘cause motion’197
7.3.3 -Ngu- ‘inchoative’197
7.3.4 Reduplicated verb roots198
7.4 Case frames and argument structure202
7.5 Verb inflectional morphology208
7.5.1 -Ji ‘purpose’209
7.5.2 -Jiwa ‘subsequent’210
7.5.3 -Kanyi ‘irrealis’212
7.5.4 Switch reference: -Jina ‘same subject’ and -kurri ‘different subject’214