| Acknowledgements | 15 |
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| Part I Introduction | 17 |
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| I.1. Prepare the Way of the Lord | 17 |
| I.2. Oral Performance and the Gospel of Mark | 21 |
| I.3. For Whom Was the Gospel ofMark Performed? | 25 |
| I.4. The LiteraryCharacter ofMark | 32 |
| I.5. The Markan World as a Conceptual World | 39 |
| I.6. Involvement with the Markan World | 41 |
| I.6.1. Involvement with Markan Characters through Identification | 43 |
| I.6.2. Involvement with Markan Characters through Sound | 44 |
| I.6.3. Involvement with the Narrative World through Visualization | 46 |
| I.7. Short Comments on the Approach Chosen for This Study | 46 |
| Part II Theories and Methods That Explain Involvement with the Markan World | 49 |
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| II.1. Introductory Remarks | 49 |
| II.2. Conventional Theory about Characters | 50 |
| II.3. Mental Representations of Narratives | 51 |
| II.3.1. The Communicative Aspect | 52 |
| II.3.2. The Discourse Aspect | 56 |
| II.3.3. The Suggestion Aspect | 56 |
| II.3.4. The Realization Aspect | 58 |
| II.3.5. The Event/Story Aspect | 63 |
| II.3.6. Short Summary | 63 |
| II.4. Mimesis | 63 |
| II.4.1. Mimesis as Performance: Mimesis of Performance, Mimesis through Performance | 64 |
| II.4.2. Mimesis as Transportation | 66 |
| II.4.3. Mimesis as Simulation | 69 |
| II.5. Audience Members Cast as Invisible Witnesses, Addressees, and Side-Participants | 71 |
| II.5.1. Focalization and the Invisible Witness | 72 |
| II.5.2. Focalization – Psychology and Ideology | 76 |
| II.5.3. Speech Acts – Addressee or Side-Participant | 78 |
| II.5.4. Involvement with Characters: Empathy and Identification | 84 |
| II.6. Narrative Impact | 88 |
| II.6.1. Narrative Impact Part One: Emotions and Literature | 88 |
| II.6.2. Narrative Impact Part Two: Beliefs, Behavior, and Identity | 98 |
| II.7. The Parables as Hypodiegetic Narratives | 106 |
| II.7.1. Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory | 107 |
| II.7.2. Blending Theory | 108 |
| II.7.3. Local Context and Grounding Box | 111 |
| II.7.4. Interpretation of the Blend and Its Cultural Foundation in the Suggestion Structure | 111 |
| II.7.5. Blending Theory and Linear Presentation of lnformation during an Oral Performance Event | 113 |
| II.8. Summary | 113 |
| Part III The Structure of the Gospel of Mark | 115 |
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| III.1. A Linguistic Approach | 115 |
| III.1.1. An Overview ofNarrative Markers | 117 |
| III.2. An Outline of the Gospel of Mark | 119 |
| Part IV Analysis of Involvement with Characters and Events in the Markan World | 127 |
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| 1:1: Title | 127 |
| 1:2–13: In the Wilderness | 129 |
| 1:2–3: Isaiah’s Prophecy | 129 |
| 1:4–11: John the Baptist and Jesus at the River Jordan | 135 |
| 1:4–8: The Ministry of John the Baptist | 135 |
| 1:9–11: Jesus Is Baptized by John | 138 |
| 1:12–13: Jesus and Otherworldly Beings in the Wilderness | 140 |
| 1:14–8:26: Jesus in Galilee and the Surrounding Areas | 141 |
| 1:14–15: Jesus Arrives in Galilee | 142 |
| 1:16–20: Jesus Calls Simon, Andrew, James, and John by the Sea of Galilee | 145 |
| 1:21–34: Jesus, Simon, Andrew, James, and John in Capernaum | 147 |
| 1:21–28: Jesus in the Synagogue | 148 |
| 1:29–34: Jesus, Simon, Andrew, James, and John at the House of Simon and Andrew | 153 |
| 1:35–38: Jesus, Simon, and His Companions at a Desolated Place | 156 |
| 1:39–45a: Jesus Enters Synagogues Throughout All of Galilee | 157 |
| 1:39: Jesus Casts Out Evil Spirits | 157 |
| 1:40–45a: Jesus Is Approached by a Leper | 158 |
| 1:45b: Jesus Stays in Desolated Pla
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