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Chemistry of High-Energy Materials

:	Thomas M. Klapötke
:	Chemistry of High-Energy Materials
:	Walter de Gruyter GmbH& Co.KG
:	9783110273595
:	2
:	CHF 44.20
:

:	Anorganische Chemie
:	English

:	268
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >This graduate-level textbook in a new revised edition treats the basic chemistry of high energy materials - primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuel and pyrotechnics - andprovides a review of new research developments. Applications in both military and civil fields are discussed. The book also offers new insights into 'green' chemistry requirements and strategies for military applications. This work should be of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as all those working indefense technology.

< >Thomas M. Klapötke, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.

	1 Introduction	13
	1.1 Historical Overview	13
	1.2 New Developments	19
	1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives	19
	1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives	21
	1.2.3 New Primary Explosives	30
	1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors	33
	1.3 Definitions	36
	1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation – A Short Introduction	40
	1.4.1 Fire and Combustion	40
	1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation	43
	2 Classification of Energetic Materials	45
	2.1 Primary Explosives	45
	2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives	47
	2.3 Propellant Charges	54
	2.4 Rocket Propellants	56
	2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP)	67
	2.5 Pyrotechnics	68
	2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics	68
	2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics	71
	2.5.3 Decoy Flares	77
	2.5.4 Smoke Munitions	83
	2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions	89
	3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure	91
	4 Thermodynamics	95
	4.1 Theoretical Basis	95
	4.2 Computational Methods	101
	4.2.1 Thermodynamics	101
	4.2.2 Detonation Parameters	104
	4.2.3 Combustion Parameters	108
	4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants	113
	4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants	120
	5 Initiation	123
	6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives	127
	6.1 Sensitivities	127
	6.2 Long-Term Stabilities	132
	6.3 Insensitive Munitions	134
	6.4 Gap Test	136
	6.5 Classification	137
	7 Special Aspects of Explosives	141
	7.1 Shaped Charges	141
	7.2 Detonation Velocities	147
	7.3 Gurney Model	152
	7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb	157
	8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity	159
	8.1 Electrostatic Potentials	159
	8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities	162
	9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials	165
	9.1 Classification	165
	9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds	167
	9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds	172
	9.3.1 Tetrazole and Dinitramide Chemistry	173
	9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry	180
	9.3.3 Ionic Liquids	185
	9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives	189
	9.5 Co-Crystallization	191
	9.6 Future Energetics	192
	10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials	197
	10.1 Molecular Building Blocks	197
	10.2 Nitration Reactions	198
	10.3 Processing	203
	11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory	205
	11.1 General	205
	11.2 Protective Equipment	206
	11.3 Laboratory Equipment	208
	12 Energetic Materials of the Future	211
	13 Related Topics	217
	13.1 Thermobaric Weapons	217
	13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons	219
	13.3 Nanothermites	221
	13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide/Aluminum Thermite	227
	13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide/Aluminum Thermite	228
	13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide/Aluminum Thermite	229
	13.4 Homemade Explosives	230
	14 Study Questions	231
	15 Literature	235
	16 Appendix	245
	Index	259