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Nanoclusters and Microparticles in Gases and Vapors

:	Boris M. Smirnov
:	Nanoclusters and Microparticles in Gases and Vapors
:	Walter de Gruyter GmbH& Co.KG
:	9783110273991
:	De Gruyter Studies in Mathematical PhysicsISSN
:	1
:	CHF 169.40
:

:	Theoretische Physik
:	English

:	263
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >Research of processes involving Nanoclusters and Microparticles has been developing fast in many fields of rescent research, in particular in materials science.

To stay at the cutting edge of this development, a sound understanding of the processes is needed. In this work, several processes involving small particles are described, such as transport processes in gases, charging of small particles in gases, chemical processes, atom attachment and quenching of excited atomic particles on surfaces, nucleation, coagulation, coalescence and growth processes for particles and aggregates.

This work presents the mathematical models to understand these processes. It analyses examples of real objects and processes. Each analysis is complemented by analytic formulas or simple models which allow us to calculate or estimate process parameters.

< >Boris M. Smirnov,Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.

	Preface	5
	List of figures	14
	1 Introduction	15
	I Properties of small particles and their behavior in gases	19
	2 Nanoclusters and microparticles in gases	21
	2.1 Gas with small particles as physical object	21
	2.2 Small particles in the Earth atmosphere	22
	2.3 Methods of removal of dust particles from gas	26
	2.4 Artificial small particles in gas	28
	2.5 Electric processes in earth atmosphere	32
	2.6 Dusty plasma of solar system	35
	2.7 Problems	38
	3 Cluster properties and their modeling	40
	3.1 Cluster structures	40
	3.2 Phase transition in cluster	44
	3.3 Analytical and computer modeling of clusters	50
	3.4 The liquid drop model for clusters	52
	3.5 Spectral properties of clusters	54
	3.6 Problems	57
	4 Dynamics of collisions in buffer gas involving clusters	63
	4.1 Hard sphere model in atomic physics	63
	4.2 Models of atom collisions with cluster or small particle	67
	4.3 Analytic and computer methods in cluster physics	69
	4.4 Problems	72
	II Processes involving small particles in gases	79
	5 Transport phenomena in gases involving small particles	81
	5.1 Cluster motion in gas in force field	81
	5.2 Mobility of charged clusters in gas in strong electric field	84
	5.3 Diffusion of clusters in gas	86
	5.4 Problems	89
	6 Particle motion in gas flows	90
	6.1 Relaxation of particle velocity in gas flow	90
	6.2 Gas flow in tubes	92
	6.3 Drift of particles in gas flows	98
	6.4 Particle departure on periphery of gas flow	101
	6.5 Problems	103
	7 Processes in buffer gas on surface of small particles	106
	7.1 Equilibrium of metal cluster with parent vapor in buffer gas	106
	7.2 Character of cluster growth due to attachment of free atoms	111
	7.3 Quenching of metastable atoms on cluster surface	114
	7.4 Character of combustion of small particles	117
	7.5 Kinetic and diffusion regime of particle combustion	122
	7.6 Recombination of charged clusters in buffer gas	123
	7.7 Problems	125
	8 Charging of small particles in ionized gases	130
	8.1 Particle charging in dense buffer ionized gas	130
	8.2 Particle charging in dense gas discharge plasma	135
	8.3 Double layer of gas discharge	139
	8.4 Particle charging in rarefied ionized gas with free ions	141
	8.5 Particle charging in rarefied ionized gas with trapped ions	145
	8.6 Particle charging and screening in rarefied ionized gas	149
	8.7 The charge distribution of particles in ionized gas	154
	8.8 Charging of small clusters in ionized gas	156
	8.9 Problems	158
	9 Growth of clusters and small particles in buffer gas	164
	9.1 Types of nucleation processes	164
	9.2 Kinetic regime of cluster coagulation	166
	9.3 Diffusion regime of cluster coagulation	170
	9.4 Cluster coagulation in external field	172
	9.5 Ostwald ripening	174
	9.6 Method of molecular dynamics in nucleation processes	181
	9.7 Problems	182
	10 Structures formed in aggregation of solid particles	201
	10.1 Fractal aggregates	201
	10.2 Growth of fractal aggregates	208
	10.3 Growth of particle structures in external electric fields	212
	10.4 Growth of elongated particle structures in electric field	214
	10.5 Aerogels	221
	10.6 Problems	224
	11 Conclusion	229
	Appendix A Physical parameters	231
	A.1 Fundamental physical constants	231
	A.2 Melting and boiling points of elements	232
	Appendix B Conversional factors	233
	B.1 Conversional factors in formulas for atomic particles and small particles	233
	Appendix C Transport coefficients of atomic particles in gases	239
	Bibliography	243
	Index	261