| Acknowledgements | 6 |
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| Contents | 8 |
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| Transcription Conventions | 10 |
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| Introduction: Talk as therapy | 12 |
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| Chapter 1. Situating the study | 22 |
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| 1.1 Relationship-Focused Integrative Psychotherapy | 22 |
| 1.2 Psychotherapeutic discourse outside therapy room | 27 |
| 1.3 The psychotherapy session as a research site | 33 |
| 1.3.1 Introductory remarks | 33 |
| 1.3.2 Early and current studies | 34 |
| 1.3.3 Researching the professional setting | 38 |
| 1.3.4 The interprofessional discourse site | 40 |
| 1.3.5 Researcher and the community | 45 |
| 1.3.6 Research ethics | 50 |
| 1.4 On data collection and transcription, participants and context | 54 |
| 1.5 Methodology and methods | 56 |
| Chapter 2. The transparency of meaning: Personalizing the meaning in psychotherapy | 62 |
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| 2.1 Introductory remarks | 62 |
| 2.2 Positioning therapeutic interaction: Therapy as activity type and discourse type | 65 |
| 2.3 Meaning making in ordinary conversation and psychotherapeutic interaction | 73 |
| 2.4 Personalizing the meaning in psychotherapy | 77 |
| 2.4.1 Probing questions | 78 |
| 2.4.2 Overt continuers | 85 |
| 2.4.3 Non-verbal into verbal | 90 |
| 2.4.3.1 Aspects of kinesics | 94 |
| 2.4.3.2 Paralinguistic cues | 97 |
| 2.5 Concluding remarks | 104 |
| Chapter 3. Self-disclosure | 108 |
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| 3.1 Introductory remarks | 108 |
| 3.2 Self-disclosure in the process of psychotherapy | 111 |
| 3.3 Psychotherapeutic self-disclosure as interactional achievement | 120 |
| 3.3.1 ‘You know’ as a discourse marker | 121 |
| 3.3.2 ‘You know’ facilitating intimacy | 124 |
| 3.3.3 ‘You know’ and ‘I don’t know’in resuming self-disclosure | 126 |
| 3.3.4 Repetition | 134 |
| 3.3.5 ‘Fishing’ for self-disclosure: Information-eliciting tellings and reformulations | 142 |
| 3.4 Concluding remarks | 158 |
| Chapter 4. Communication of emotion | 162 |
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| 4.1 Introductory remarks | 162 |
| 4.2 Emotion in socio-psychological perspective | 163 |
| 4.3 Emotions in the process of psychotherapy | 167 |
| 4.4 Expression, construction, and experience of emotion in the psychotherapy session | 171 |
| 4.4.1 Topicalizing ‘feelings-talk’ | 173 |
| 4.4.2 Constructing a client’s less socially-acceptable emotions | 180 |
| 4.4.3 Non-verbal communication of emotion: Aspects of ‘silence’ and ‘crying’ | 187 |
| 4.5 Concluding remarks | 194 |
| Chapter 5. Emotional support | 196 |
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| 5.1 Introductory remarks | 196 |
| 5.2 Strategies of emotional support | 198 |
| 5.2.1 Emotive extension of the client’s account | 200 |
| 5.2.2 Emotive reaction | 202 |
| 5.2.3 Validation | 204 |
| 5.2.4 Mirroring | 206 |
| 5.3 Therapist’s emotional presence | 209 |
| 5.4 Concluding remarks | 215 |
| Conclusion: Reflecting on talk as therapy | 216 |
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| Notes | 222 |
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| References | 234 |
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| Index | 262 |
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