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Economic Models and Algorithms for Distributed Systems Autonomic Systems

:	Dirk Neumann, Mark Baker, Omer F. Rana, Jörn Altmann
:	Dirk Neumann, Mark Baker, Jörn Altmann, Omer F. Rana
:	Economic Models and Algorithms for Distributed Systems Autonomic Systems
:	Birkhäuser Basel
:	9783764388997
:	1
:	CHF 47.30
:

:	Informatik
:	English

:	270
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Distributed computing paradigms for sharing resources such as Clouds, Grids, Peer-to-Peer systems, or voluntary computing are becoming increasingly popular. While there are some success stories such as PlanetLab, OneLab, BOINC, BitTorrent, and SETI@home, a widespread use of these technologies for business applications has not yet been achieved. In a business environment, mechanisms are needed to provide incentives to potential users for participating in such networks. These mechanisms may range from simple non-monetary access rights, monetary payments to specific policies for sharing. Although a few models for a framework have been discussed (in the general area of a 'Grid Economy'), none of these models has yet been realised in practice. This book attempts to fill this gap by discussing the reasons for such limited take-up and exploring incentive mechanisms for resource sharing in distributed systems. The purpose of this book is to identify research challenges in successfully using and deploying resource sharing strategies in open-source and commercial distributed systems.

	Table of Content	6
	Economic Models and Algorithms forDistributed Systems	8
	Part I: Reputation Mechanisms and Trust	11
	Reputation Mechanisms and Trust	12
	A Belief-based Trust Model for DynamicService Selection	14
	1. Introduction	14
	2. Motivations	15
	3. Related work	15
	4. The methodology	17
	5. Trust components	17
	5.1 The sources of beliefs	18
	6. Illustrating beliefs	19
	7. Deriving a trust formalism	19
	7.1 Combining belief values from various sources	19
	7.2 Weighted Dempster–Shafer theory	21
	7.3 Trust adaptation: Dynamic weighting	22
	7.4 Trust computation and selection	23
	8. Empirical evaluation	23
	8.1 Environment overview	23
	8.2 Setup summary	25
	8.3 Results	26
	8.3.1 Simulation 1: Service selection without trust	26
	8.3.2 Simulation 2: Service selection with trust	26
	8.3.3 Simulation 3: Full service adjustment	26
	8.3.4 Simulation 4: Delayed service adjustment	27
	8.4 Discussion	27
	9. Conclusion and future work	27
	References	27
	Reputation, Pricing and the E-Science Grid	29
	1. Introduction	29
	2. Offline allocation with fixed price	31
	2.1 Scenario	32
	2.2 Model	32
	3. Reputation-based scheduling and pricing for online allocation	34
	3.1 Scenario	34
	3.2 Model	36
	3.3 Parameter	37
	3.4 Sellers’ and buyers’ action space	38
	3.5 Reputation mechanism	40
	4. Simulation and implementation	41
	4.1 Setting	41
	4.2 Results	42
	4.3 Application	43
	5. Conclusion	44
	References	45
	Trust-oriented Utility-based CommunityStructure in Multiagent Systems	48
	1. Introduction	48
	2. The approach	49
	2.1 Communities reasoning about agents	50
	2.1.1 Modeling the trustworthiness of agents	51
	2.1.2 Incentives for communities to share reputation ratings of agents	52
	2.1.3 Interpreting ratings provided by communities	57
	2.1.4 Overview of community reasoning procedure	58
	2.2 Agents reasoning about communities	59
	2.3 Privacy considerations	60
	3. Discussion	61
	4. Future work	62
	References	63
	Formation of Virtual Organizations in Grids:A Game-Theoretic Approach	65
	1. Introduction	65
	1.1 Our contributions	67
	1.2 Related work	67
	1.3 Organization	68
	2. Coalitional game theory	68
	3. Model	70
	4. Virtual organization formation	71
	5. Virtual organization formation framework	77
	6. Conclusion	80
	References	81
	Towards Dynamic Authentication inthe Grid – Secure and Mobile BusinessWorkflows Using GSet	84
	1. Introduction	84
	2. State of the art	86
	3. Requirements analysis – The BIG project	88
	4. The need for dynamic authorization	89
	5. Gridified Secure Electronic Transaction (gSET)	90
	5.1 gSET	91
	5.2 Architecture	92
	6. Scenario and business model	93
	7. Integrating gSET with a mobile client	94
	7.1 Considerations regarding mobile devices	95
	7.2 Tickets	96
	7.3 The mobile gSET workflow	96
	8. Performance analysis	98
	8.1 gSET versus gridmap	98
	8.2 Evaluation of gSET in a real mobile grid environment	100
	9. Conclusions and future work	102
	References	102
	Part II: Service Level Agreements	106
	Service Level Agreements	107
	Enforcing Service Level Agreements Using anEconomically Enhanced Resource Manager	109
	1. Introduction	109
	2. Related work	110
	3. Scenario definition	112
	3.1 Revenue maximisation in resource-limited providers	113
	3.2 SLA violation	114
	4. Economically Enhanced Resource Manager	115
	4.1 Architecture	116
	4.2 Economic Resource Manager (ERM)	117
	4.3 Monitoring	118
	4.4 SLA enforcement	120
	5. Example scenario	121
	6. Conclusions and future work	123
	References	124
	Extended Resource Management Using ClientClassification and Economic Enhancements	128
	1. Introduction	128
	2. Objectives	129
	3. Motivational scenario	130
	4. Related work	130
	5. Economic enhancements and client classification	131
	6. Economically Enhanced Resource Management	132
	6.1 Economic design criteria	132
	6.2 Model of the EERM	133
	7. Evaluation	135
	8. Conclusions	137
	References	137
	Mitigating Provider Uncertainty inService Provision Contracts	141
	1. Introduction and motivation	142
	2. Related work	143
	3. Utility model for contract-based service provision	144
	4. Negative consequences of inaccurate quality level estimators	146
	5. Performance prediction methods for derivation of qualitylevel estimators	148
	6. Results	150
	7. Implementation	153
	8. Conclusion	156
	References	156
	Text-Content-Analysis based on the SyntacticCorrelations between Ontologies	158
	1. Introduction	159
	2. Description of work	160
	2.1 Analyzing ontologies	161
	2.2 Text-Content-Analysis	163
	2.2.1 Matching algorithm	164
	2.2.2 TCA usage	167
	2.3 SLA-Management-System	169
	2.4 A useful service	174
	3. Conclusions	175
	References	176
	Part III: Business Models and Market Mechanisms	178
	Business Models and Market Mechanisms	179
	Cloud Computing Value Chains:Understanding Businesses and Value Creation inthe Cloud	182
	1. Introduction	183
	2. Literature review	184
	2.1 Porter value chain