The translation of ancient literature became the focus of a lively discussion in Germany around 1800. After Herder and Voss the question once more arose of just how faithfully the ancient world could and should be presented in the German language. Schleiermacher and Humboldt decided to emphasise the cultural strangeness and linguistic individuality of the texts, while subsequently various means of assimilation were developed. This volume describes the history of this theoretical discussion up to the present day.