| Contents | 5 |
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| List of contributors | 7 |
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| Preface to the first edition | 10 |
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| Preface to the second edition | 11 |
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| Introduction | 12 |
| Historical background | 12 |
| Rat models of arthritis: Similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages in the identification of novel therapeutics | 12 |
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| Drug therapies | 13 |
| Methods | 27 |
| Conclusions | 33 |
| References | 36 |
| Introduction | 46 |
| Murine collagen induced arthritis | 46 |
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| Induction of CIA | 47 |
| Expression of arthritis | 50 |
| Unilateral CIA | 52 |
| CIA in C57BL/6 mice | 53 |
| Passive transfer model of CIA | 53 |
| Arthritis score and histopathology | 54 |
| Cytokine involvement | 58 |
| Applicability of the model | 65 |
| Final remarks | 69 |
| References | 70 |
| Introduction | 75 |
| Use of animal models of osteoarthritis in the evaluation of potential new therapeutic agents | 75 |
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| OA animal models | 76 |
| Use of OA animal models in the evaluation of potential therapeutic modalities | 76 |
| Conclusion | 78 |
| References | 86 |
| Introduction: Inflammation and cancer | 93 |
| Models of inflammatory processes in cancer | 93 |
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| Inflammation as an initiator | 94 |
| Inflammation as a promoter | 94 |
| Inflammation as an immunosuppressor | 94 |
| Models of the initiator/promotor activities of inflammation | 95 |
| Models of angiogenesis | 96 |
| In vivo tumor models | 100 |
| Inflammation-related immune regulatory mechanisms | 102 |
| Conclusions | 104 |
| References | 105 |
| Introduction | 113 |
| Muscular dystrophy and the pathogenetic role of inflammation | 113 |
| Advances in stem cell research: use of stem cells in animal models of muscular dystrophy | 113 |
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| Animal models of muscular dystrophy | 116 |
| Inflammation in the dystrophic models | 117 |
| Muscular dystrophy, regeneration and stem cells | 119 |
| Enhancing stem cell mediated muscle regeneration | 126 |
| Future prospects | 126 |
| References | 127 |
| Introduction | 134 |
| Gene transfer technology | 134 |
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| Principles of gene transfer | 135 |
| Non-viral methods for gene transfer | 137 |
| Viral vectors for gene transfer | 137 |
| Conclusion | 143 |
| References | 144 |
| Introduction | 147 |
| Transgenics | 147 |
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| Background/literature summary | 148 |
| Experimental descriptions | 154 |
| Invasive and noninvasive methods to study inflammatory diseases | 156 |
| Conclusions | 158 |
| References | 158 |
| Introduction | 163 |
| Nanotechnology: Towards the detection and treatment of inflammatory diseases | 163 |
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| Nanotechnology for inflammation scientists | 164 |
| Nanostructures and nanosystems | 165 |
| Nanoparticles | 169 |
| In vitro diagnostics | 172 |
| Nanoarrays | 173 |
| Application of nanosystems and nanoparticles in inflammation and cancer | 173 |
| Summary and conclusions | 178 |
| References | 179 |
| Introduction | 185 |
| UK legislation of in vivo aspects in inflammation research | 185 |
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| UK legislation | 186 |
| The Certificate of Designation | 188 |
| The Project Licence | 188 |
| The Personal Licence | 190 |
| Other legislative systems in the United States and Europe | 191 |
| Opportunities for reduction, replacement and refinement in inflammation research | 191 |
| Skills shortages in integrative inflammation research in the 21st century | 192 |
| References | 193 |
| Legal standing of the 3R principle | 195 |
| Japanese guidelines and regulations for scientific and ethical animal experimentation | 195 |
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| Basic guidelines established by regulatory agencies | 196 |
| Detailed guidelines formulated by the SCJ | 197 |
| Deliberation on local self-regulation of animal experiments | 198 |
| References | 199 |
| Introduction | 200 |
| United States guidelines and regulations in animal experimentation | 200 |
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| Federal laws | 201 |
| Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals | 204 |
| Food and Drug Administration, Good Laboratory Practices | 205 |
| Specific considerations for animal models of inflammation | 206 |
| Summary | 208 |
| References | 209 |
| Index | 210 |