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Global Purchasing and Supply Management

:	Victor H. Pooler, David J. Pooler, Samuel D. Farney
:	Global Purchasing and Supply Management
:	Kluwer Academic Publishers
:	9781402078170
:	2
:	CHF 107.40
:

:	Sonstiges
:	English

:	443
:	DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The book's unique perspective serves to address both theory and practice, making it an essential volume for various professionals and practitioners.

-Profes ional managers and buyers: The newly appointed manager from another business function will find this is the only management book that completely covers the disciplines of purchasing and supply management.

-Practitio ers: Use this book as a buyer's handbook, a reference and"how to" manual with easy access to a myriad of contemporary supply management topics.-Consultants and information technology experts: Gain greater insight into the processes and techniques used in the field by reviewing the"nuts and bolts" approach to the fundamental supply management processes in a global context.

-Students of purchasing and supply management or marketing: Find practical material for learning the tasks of global purchasing in the real world.

The vision presented by the authors contains management philosophy, ideas, and opinions in an attempt to create a progressive, contemporary purchasing and supply management posture. The three authors have an outstanding combination of teaching, consulting, and well over 100 years of collective on-the-job experience.

Global Purchasing and Supply Management: Fulfill the Vision, Second Edition will prove to be the most advanced, technically detailed, management book about purchasing and supply management written to date.

Written for: Professional managers and buyers, practitioners, consultants and information technology experts, students of purchasing and supply management or marketing

Chapter 4 THE PURCHASE ORDER PROCESS (p. 63-64)

Before getting into specific purchasing tasks, and ultimately considering how to improve the job, it is worthwhile to first review the purchasing process itself. The first portion may be a refresher for experienced purchasing managers, but is essential to understanding for non-purchasing personnel seeking insights into the profession. The latter sections provide an enlightening view of how e-commerce tools are redefining the fundamental procurement process.

This chapter will briefly outline the basic steps in the purchase order process, including some of the more common clauses used in purchase contracts. (The more detailed discussion of purchase order clauses will be covered in chapter 15.) The discussion will conclude with an overview of some of the information technology and Internet tools currently available to assist in this fundamental purchasing workflow.

Let’s begin with the mechanics of the buying process (refer to Chapter 1, Figure 1-3) that is initiated by a requisition or other definition of need from within the organization. The buyer will analyze the requisition and ultimately complete it by adding the pertinent purchase data. To edit the requisition, buyers will also need their company’s forms and records, supplier catalogue, purchase history records, and purchase order number file (unless forms are pre-numbered). Of course, if the department has become"paperless," then the ensuing information will relate to the electronic medium in use.

Much has been written about the basic records needed by the buyer. Buyers are urged to use as a desk reference, The Purchasing Handbook, Sixth Edition, by editors in chief Joseph Cavinato and Ralph Kauffman and published by McGraw Hill.

Several key items listed below need to be available to the buyer: Supplier identification records, containing source information and addresses.

Supplier profiles for major suppliers, listing key contact people, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, Web sites and the like. Price history records that are essential, and which should include alternate suppliers and their current pricing information.

1. FUNDAMENTAL STEPS TO COMPLETE A PURCHASE

In the context of the overall process of completing a buy, editing the requisition is among the first administrative steps taken by a buyer. The fundamental administrative steps to the purchase are: Editing the requisition

Making purchase decisions (source(s), split of business, pricing and terms of purchase)

- Issuing the purchase order (PO)
- Issuing change notices (as required)
- Receipt of order acknowledgment
- Follow up and expediting
- Receiving records
- Invoice reconciliation and approval
- Corrections or changes, if needed
- Recording purchase transaction and closing the PO

1.1 Editing the Requisition

The first step in buying is always recognition of a need. It may be a request to replenish stock on a repetitive item, or it could be a special onetime buy of a less frequently ordered item. It may be for commodities, components, or services and it may be for a few dollars or millions of dollars. It is best to be in written form, usually a requisition ("req") that represents an unfulfilled need. Today this data is frequently transmitted electronically over intra-company computer networks, or sometimes via facsimile.

	Dedication	5
	Contents	6
	Preface	8
	Foreword	11
	Acknowledgments	13
	I FROM BUYING TO STRATEGIC CONTRIBUTOR	15
	1 THE ROLE OF THE PURCHASING AND SUPPLY FUNCTIONS	16
	1. PURCHASING OBJECTIVES	19
	2. IMPACT ON PROFITABILITY	20
	3. CONTROLLING THE PROCESS	23
	4. THE BUYING JOB	24
	4.1 The Accountability Concept	25
	4.2 Buying Influences	25
	5. CHANGING DEMANDS ON THE JOB	30
	5.1 Socioeconomic Programs	30
	6. PURCHASING REDEFINED	31
	2 EVOLUTION OF PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT	33
	1. SPAN OF CONTROL	37
	2. CENTRALIZED VERSUS DECENTRALIZED DEPARTMENT	38
	2.1 Advantages of Centralization	38
	2.2 Advantages of Decentralization	39
	2.3 Titles Used in Purchasing	40
	2.4 Where Should Purchasing Report?	41
	3. THE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION	41
	3.1 Why Do Some PMs Not Embrace MM?	43
	4. REENGINEERING THE PURCHASING ORGANIZATION	44
	4.1 Organizational Structure and Relationships	45
	4.2 Authority to Commit Independent of the Organization	46
	5. DAY-TO-DAY VERSUS LONG-RANGE BUYING	49
	6. “PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT” COMES OF AGE	51
	3 STRATEGIC PURCHASING SUPPLY INITIATIVES	55
	1. SELECTION OF STRATEGIES LEADS TO ACTION	57
	2. SUPPLY BASE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY	60
	3. SUPPLY PLANS TO CONTROL MAJOR COMMODITIES	63
	4. SEEK LEVERAGE WITH BUYING TEAMS	64
	5. TACTICS TO CARRY OUT STRATEGIC PLANS	68
	6. EMERGING STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES	69
	II CREATING THE VISION	71
	4 THE PURCHASE ORDER PROCESS	72
	1. FUNDAMENTAL STEPS TO COMPLETE A PURCHASE	73
	1.1 Editing the Requisition	73
	1.2 Issuing the Purchase Order ( PO)	74
	1.3 Blanket Orders.	75
	1.4 Use of Blanket Orders for Repetitive Purchases	78
	2. TERMS OF PURCHASE	79
	2.1 Shipment Terms	80
	2.2 Change Notices	80
	3. COMPLETING THE PURCHASE	81
	3.1 Follow Up and Expediting	81
	3.2 Receiving and Price Checking	82
	4. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL PURCHASES	83
	5. ELECTRONIC PURCHASE ORDER PROCESS	86
	5.1 Purchasing Cards/ Procurement Cards	87
	5.2 E- Procurement or e- Commerce	88
	5.3 Direct Purchases and e- Commerce	92
	5 BUYING FROM THE RIGHT SUPPLIER	95
	1. SOURCE SELECTION	95
	1.1 Request for Quotation ( RFQ)	96
	1.2 Buyer’s Checklist for Selecting New Suppliers	97
	2. TEAMWORK AND COOPERATION	100
	3. QUALIFICATION OF NEW SUPPLIERS	100
	3.1 How Many Sources of Supply?	101
	4. SOURCES OF SUPPLIER INFORMATION	104
	5. SUPPLIER FINANCIAL STABILITY	106
	5.1 Credit Rating Reports	107
	5.2 Financial Statements	108
	5.3 Ratios as Guides	110
	6. SEARCH FOR LOW-COST SUPPLIERS	112
	6.1 Computing Total Landed Cost of Acquisition	113
	6.2 Post- Selection Supplier Evaluation	115
	6.3 How Valid Are These Ratings?	119
	6 CREATING A GLOBAL VISION	121
	1. THE UNITED STATES AND WORLD TRADE	122
	1.1 The U. S. Trade Deficit	123
	1.2 North American Free Trade Agreement	123
	2. BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS	125
	2.1 Regional Trade Agreements	126
	3. THE PURCHASING ROLE	127