ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

ImageCLEF Experimental Evaluation in Visual Information Retrieval

:	Henning Müller, Paul Clough, Thomas Deselaers, Barbara Caputo
:	Henning Müller, Paul Clough, Thomas Deselaers, Barbara Caputo
:	ImageCLEF Experimental Evaluation in Visual Information Retrieval
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642151811
:	1
:	CHF 87.10
:

:	Informatik
:	English

:	544
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The pervasive creation and consumption of content, especially visual content, is ingrained into our modern world. We're constantly consuming visual media content, in printed form and in digital form, in work and in leisure pursuits. Like our cave- man forefathers, we use pictures to record things which are of importance to us as memory cues for the future, but nowadays we also use pictures and images to document processes; we use them in engineering, in art, in science, in medicine, in entertainment and we also use images in advertising. Moreover, when images are in digital format, either scanned from an analogue format or more often than not born digital, we can use the power of our computing and networking to exploit images to great effect. Most of the technical problems associated with creating, compressing, storing, transmitting, rendering and protecting image data are already solved. We use - cepted standards and have tremendous infrastructure and the only outstanding ch- lenges, apart from managing the scale issues associated with growth, are to do with locating images. That involves analysing them to determine their content, clas- fying them into related groupings, and searching for images. To overcome these challenges we currently rely on image metadata, the description of the images, - ther captured automatically at creation time or manually added afterwards.

	Foreword	6
	Preface	8
	Acknowledgements	10
	Contents	12
	List of Contributors	24
	Introduction	28
	Seven Years of Image Retrieval Evaluation	30
	Introduction	30
	Evaluation of IR Systems	32
	IR Test Collections	33
	Cross--Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF)	36
	ImageCLEF	36
	Aim and Objectives	36
	Tasks and Participants	38
	Data sets	39
	Contributions	39
	Organisational Challenges	41
	Conclusions	42
	References	43
	Data Sets Created in ImageCLEF	46
	Introduction	46
	Collection Creation	47
	Requirements and Specification	48
	Collection Overview	50
	Image Collections for Photographic Retrieval	51
	The St. Andrews Collection of Historic Photographs	51
	The IAPR TC--12 Database	53
	The Belga News Agency Photographic Collection	55
	Image Collections for Medical Retrieval	56
	The ImageCLEFmed Teaching Files	57
	The RSNA Database	61
	Automatic Image Annotation and Object Recognition	62
	The IRMA Database	62
	The LookThatUp (LTU) Data set	63
	The PASCAL Object Recognition Database	64
	The MIR Flickr Image Data Set	65
	Image Collections in Other Tasks	65
	The INEX MM Wikipedia Collection	66
	The KTH--IDOL2 Database	67
	Conclusions	68
	References	69
	Creating Realistic Topics for Image Retrieval Evaluation	71
	Introduction	71
	User Models and Information Sources	74
	Machine--Oriented Evaluation	74
	User Models	75
	Information Sources for Topic Creation	76
	Concrete Examples for Generated Visual Topics in Several Domains	79
	Photographic Retrieval	79
	Medical Retrieval	80
	The Influence of Topics on the Results of Evaluation	81
	Classifying Topics Into Categories	82
	Links Between Topics and the Relevance Judgments	83
	What Can Be Evaluated and What Can Not?	83
	Conclusions	84
	References	85
	Relevance Judgments for Image Retrieval Evaluation	88
	Introduction	88
	Overview of Relevance Judgments in Information Retrieval	89
	Test Collections	89
	Relevance Judgments	90
	Relevance Judging for the ImageCLEF Medical Retrieval Task	97
	Topics and Collection	97
	Judges	98
	Relevance Judgment Systems and the Process of Judging	99
	Conclusions and Future Work	103
	References	104
	Performance Measures Used in Image Information Retrieval	106
	Evaluation Measures Used in ImageCLEF	106
	Measures for Retrieval	107
	Measuring at Fixed Recall	108
	Measuring at Fixed Rank	110
	Measures for Diversity	112
	Collating Two Measures Into One	113
	Miscellaneous Measures	113
	Considering Multiple Measures	114
	Measures for Image Annotation and Concept Detection	115
	Use of Measures in ImageCLEF	116
	Conclusions	117
	References	117
	Fusion Techniques for Combining Textual and Visual Information Retrieval	120
	Introduction	120
	Information Fusion and Orthogonality	122
	Methods	123
	Results	123
	Early Fusion Approaches	123
	Late Fusion Approaches	124
	Inter--media Feedback with Query Expansion	129
	Other Approaches	130
	Overview of the Methods from 2004--2009	130
	Justification for the Approaches and Generally Known Problems	130
	Conclusions	133
	References	133
	Track Reports	140
	Interactive Image Retrieval	142
	Interactive Studies in Information Retrieval	142
	iCLEF Experiments on Interactive Image Retrieval	144
	iCLEF Image Retrieval Experiments: The Latin Square Phase	145
	iCLEF Experiments with Flickr	148
	The Target Collection: Flickr	149
	Annotations	149
	The Task	150
	Experiments	152
	Task Space, Technology and Research Questions	159
	Use Cases for Interactive Image Retrieval	159
	Challenges: Technology and Interaction	160
	References	162
	Photographic Image Retrieval	165
	Introduction	165
	Ad hoc Retrieval of Historic Photographs: ImageCLEF 2003--2005	166
	Test Collection and Distribution	167
	Query Topics	168
	Relevance Judgments and Performance Measures	171
	Results and Analysis	171
	Ad hoc Retrieval of Generic Photographs: ImageCLEFphoto 2006-2007	173
	Test Collection and Distribution	174
	Query Topics	175
	Relevance Judgments and Performance Measures	176
	Results and Analysis	177
	Visual Sub--task	178
	Ad hoc Retrieval and Result Diversity: ImageCLEFphoto 2008--2009	179
	Test Collection and Distribution	179
	Query Topics	180
	Relevance Judgments and Performance Measures	182
	Results and Analysis	182
	Conclusion and Future Prospects	184
	References	185
	The Wikipedia Image Retrieval Task	187
	Introduction	187