| Contents | 6 |
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| List of Figures | 10 |
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| List of Tables | 14 |
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| Introduction to Essays on Port Economics | 20 |
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| Part I: Demand | 22 |
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| Port Marketing Strategies and the Challenges of Maritime Globalization | 23 |
| 1 The Objectives and Challenges of Marketing | 23 |
| 1.1 Market Development Index | 24 |
| 1.2 Market Segmentation | 25 |
| 1.3 The Strategic Map | 26 |
| 2 The Strategies of Port Marketing | 28 |
| 3 Market Analysis | 32 |
| 4 Port Spaces and Its Positioning | 33 |
| 5 Conclusions on the Analysis of Port Marketing | 35 |
| References | 36 |
| Contextual Port Development: A Theoretical Approach | 37 |
| 1 Introduction | 38 |
| 2 Introduction to Challenges in Port Development | 38 |
| 3 A Systematic Approach to the Theoretic Complexity | 40 |
| 4 Understanding System Relationships: The Maritime and Port System | 44 |
| 5 A Theoretic Review on Port Development | 45 |
| 6 Towards a Relational Perspective on Port Development | 51 |
| 6.1 Development and Introduction | 55 |
| 6.2 Growth | 55 |
| 6.3 Maturity | 56 |
| 6.4 Decline | 56 |
| 7 A Need for Contextuality in Port Development | 57 |
| 8 Conclusions | 60 |
| References | 61 |
| The Conditioned Demands of ``General Merchandise´´, ``Dry Bulk´´ and ``Liquid Bulk´´ Sea Transport | 63 |
| 1 Introduction | 63 |
| 2 A Theoretical Model of Sea Transport Demand | 64 |
| 3 Data | 66 |
| 4 Traffic Equations of ``General Merchandise´´, ``Dry Bulk´´ and ``Liquid Bulk´´ | 67 |
| 4.1 ``General Merchandise´´ Traffic | 67 |
| 4.1.1 Long-Run Analysis | 68 |
| 4.1.2 Short-Run Analysis | 70 |
| 4.2 ``Solid Bulk´´ Traffic | 71 |
| 4.2.1 Long-Run Analysis | 72 |
| 4.2.2 Short-Run Analysis | 73 |
| 4.3 ``Liquid Bulk´´ Traffic | 73 |
| 4.3.1 Long-Run Analysis | 74 |
| 4.3.2 Short-Run Analysis | 75 |
| 5 Concluding Remarks | 77 |
| References | 77 |
| Determinants of the Demand of International Maritime Transport | 79 |
| 1 Introduction | 79 |
| 2 The Model: Theory and Basic Functions | 80 |
| 3 Statistical Sources: The Foreign Trade Series | 82 |
| 4 Variable Definition | 82 |
| 5 Functions of Maritime Imports and Exports: Main Empirical Results in Spain (1994.I-1998.IV) | 83 |
| 6 General Cargo Function | 83 |
| 6.1 Import Function of General Cargo | 83 |
| 6.2 Export Function of General Cargo | 84 |
| 6.3 Import Function of Containers | 85 |
| 6.4 Export Function of Containers | 85 |
| 7 Solid Bulk Function | 85 |
| 7.1 Import Function of Solid Bulk | 86 |
| 7.2 Export Function of Solid Bulk | 86 |
| 8 Liquid Bulk Function | 86 |
| 8.1 Import Function of Liquid Bulk | 87 |
| 8.2 Export Function of Liquid Bulk | 87 |
| 9 Summary and Conclusions | 87 |
| References | 89 |
| The Demand for Maritime Transport: A Nonlinearity and Chaos Study | 90 |
| 1 Introduction | 90 |
| 2 Data Analysis and ARIMA Models | 91 |
| 2.1 Data | 91 |
| 2.2 ARIMA Models | 93 |
| 3 Application to Maritime Traffic Series | 96 |
| 3.1 ARIMA Models | 96 |
| 3.1.1 Total Cargo (TC) | 96 |
| 3.1.2 Solid Bulk (SB) | 97 |
| 3.1.3 Liquid Bulk (LB) | 98 |
| 3.1.4 Containered General Cargo (CC) | 99 |
| 3.1.5 Non-Containered General Cargo (NC) | 99 |
| 3.2 Residual Diagnostics | 100 |
| 4 Testing for Nonlinearity and Chaos | 101 |
| 4.1 BDS Test | 102 |
| 4.2 Analysis of Results | 104 |
| 5 Summary and Conclusions | 104 |
| References | 108 |
| Part II: Supply | 110 |
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| Productivity in Maritime Transportation | 111 |
| 1 Introduction | 111 |
| 2 The Production Function in the Company | 112 |
| 3 The Concept of Total, Average and Marginal Productivity | 115 |
| 4 The Concept of Production in Maritime Transportation | 119 |
| 5 Factors of Production in the Maritime Transportation Industry | 122 |
| 6 The Capital Factor: The World Fleet by Ship Type | 123 |
