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Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands Long-Term Research in Las Tablas de Daimiel

:	Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo, David G. Angeler
:	Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo, David G. Angeler
:	Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands Long-Term Research in Las Tablas de Daimiel
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9789048191819
:	1
:	CHF 132.90
:

:	Biologie
:	English

:	292
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Playing a critical role in both influencing climate change and mitigating its impacts, the world's diverse wetlands have become one of the world's most threatened ecosystems as unsustainable land-use practices coupled with irrational use of water have already resulted in large-scale wetlands loss and degradation. To develop sound management and conservation schemes to assure wetlands sustainability in the long term requires long-term understanding of wetlands ecology. Yet until now, long-term interdisciplinary research into these systems has been limited to only a few systems from tropical or temperate climates (such as the Florida Everglades, and Czech biosphere reserve). This new book adds to the existing wetlands literature, providing a unique reference in basic and applied Mediterranean wetland ecology, based on results from long-term interdisciplinary research at the RAMSAR and UNESCO Biosphere site, of Las Tablas de Daimiel, Spain. Dating back to the early 1990s the research highlights changes in the biotic and abiotic environment in response to cumulative anthropogenic stressors, and provide guidance on applying this understand to sound management and conservation. With particular relevance to researchers dealing with semi-arid wetlands in the Mediterranean and elsewhere, as well as to resource managers, the book discusses the complexity of the interacting abiotic and biotic environment across different spatial and temporal scales and across various levels of biological hierarchy is highlighted, and reveals how management based on poor knowledge causes more damage than repair. The book will be of interest to researchers interested in freshwater ecology, hydrobotany, hydrology, geology, biogeochemistry, landscape ecology and environmental management.

	Preface	6
	Acknowledgments	8
	Contents	10
	Contributors	16
	Part I:Introductory Chapter	18
	Chapter 1: The Wetland, Its Catchment Settings and Socioeconomic Relevance: An Overview	19
	1.1 Introduction	19
	1.2 The Wetland: Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park	22
	1.3 The Upper Guadiana Basin and the UNESCO’s La Mancha Húmeda Biosphere Reserve	24
	1.4 Groundwater Overexploitation and the Wetland Complex	28
	1.5 Socioeconomic Aspects in the Upper Guadiana Basin	30
	1.6 A Chronological Summary of TDNP Impacts and Its Degradation	32
	References	34
	Part II:Abiotic Environment andHistorical Reconstructions	37
	Chapter 2: Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Las Tablas de Daimiel and Its Evolution During the Quaternary Period	38
	2.1 Introduction	38
	2.2 Material and Methods	40
	2.3 Overview of Vegetation Composition in La Mancha Region During Quaternary Period: Palaeo-Sequences Description	42
	2.3.1 Landscape Evolution from 325,000 to 21,000 Years BP: LT, TD, TASG-1 and FUENT-1 Profiles	43
	2.3.2 Landscape Evolution from 11,000 to 4,000 Years BP: MO and CC-17 Sequences	44
	2.3.3 Landscape Evolution from 4,000 Years BP to the Present: CC-17 and Gigüela 4.2 Paleo-records	46
	2.4 Summary of Climatic and Wetland Environmental Evolution During the Quaternary Period	50
	2.4.1 Middle Pleistocene	51
	2.4.2 Upper Pleistocene	52
	2.4.3 Holocene	52
	References	53
	Chapter 3: Climate and Hydrologic Trends: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation as Determinants of the FluctuatingWetland Hydrology	59
	3.1 Introduction	60
	3.2 Material and Methods	61
	3.3 Long-Term Climate Trends	61
	3.4 An Historical Analysis of Wetland Hydroperiod and Inundation Patterns: The Importance of Groundwater	64
	3.5 Long-Term Changes in the Wetland Water Budget: Hydrologic Degradation	67
	3.6 Causes of Wetland Hydrologic Degradation: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation	75
	3.7 Evapotranspiration Controls of Wetland Hydrology: A Conceptual Model	80
	3.8 A Wetland Hydrological Model for Hydroperiod Restoration	84
	3.9 Future Scenarios of TDNP Hydrology	92
	References	93
	Chapter 4: The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration in the Upper Guadiana River Basin: A Long-Term Assessment (1970–2000)	98
	4.1 Introduction	99
	4.2 Material and Methods	100
	4.3 Wetland Cover and Extent of Hydrodynamic Types in the Early 1970s	104
	4.4 Land Use–Land Cover Changes and Socioeconomic Indicators During 1978–2000	105
	4.5 Wetland Losses from 1970 to 2000	108
	4.6 Wetland Habitat Quality Evolution During the Period 1978–2000	111
	4.7 Patterns on Wetland Loss and Habitat Quality Deterioration: the Influence of the Main Anthropogenic Stressors at Local and Regional Scales	112
	References	118
	Chapter 5: A Story of the Wetland Water Quality Deterioration: Salinization, Pollution, Eutrophication and Siltation	121
	5.1 Introduction	121
	5.2 Materials and Methods	123
	5.3 Salinization and Major Ionic Composition	123
	5.4 Water Pollution	125
	5.5 Nutrient Dynamics and Eutrophication	128
	5.6 Spatial Heterogeneity of Nutrient Controls	136
	5.7 Wetland Sedimentation and Siltation	140
	References	143
	Part III:Ecological Communities	146
	Chapter 6: Plankton Ecology and Diversity	147
	6.1 Introduction	148
	6.2 Materials and Methods	149
	6.2.1 Field Sampling and Counting Techniques	149
	6.2.2 Indexes and Statistical Methods	150
	6.3 Diversity of Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Picoplankton	151
	6.4 Bacteria and Autotrophic Picoplankton Dynamics	151
	6.5 Species Composition and Diversity of Phytoplankton	154
	6.6 Phytoplankton Abundance Dynamics	161
	6.7 Species Composition and Diversity of Zooplankton	165
	6.8 Zooplankton Abundance Dynamics	170
	6.9 Bacterioplankton and APP Relationship with Abiotic and Biotic Factors	173
	6.10 Environmental Factors Related to Phytoplankton	178
	6.11 Environmental Factors Related to Zooplankton and the Food Web	179
	References	180
	Chapter 7: Macrophyte Ecology and Its Long-term Dynamics	184
	7.1 Introduction	184
	7.2 Materials and Methods	185
	7.2.1 Surveys and Reconstructions	185
	7.2.2 Estimation of Growth and Decay	186
	7.2.3 Biomass and Primary Production Estimations	186
	7.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Helophytes	187
	7.3 Aquatic Flora	188
	7.4 Helophyte Cover and Growth	193
	7.5 Plant Biomass, Production and Decomposition	198