ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

AIDS and Aid A Public Good Approach

:	Diana Sonntag
:	AIDS and Aid A Public Good Approach
:	Physica-Verlag
:	9783790824193
:	1
:	CHF 85.30
:

:	Volkswirtschaft
:	English

:	200
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

The unfolding tragedy of the AIDS epidemic is an instance where a disease with local origins has created consequences worldwide. Todd Sandler (2001a) Health concerns are ?rmly embedded in the developing world. Conditions of poverty like inadequate health infrastructures and sanitation, limited access to treatment of diseases etc. have increased the susceptibility to diseases. However, there is an increasing awareness that health problems of the poor cross national borders and, hence, affect the well-being of people globally. Of all the health crises originating from the developing world the HIV/AIDS epidemic does not only seem to be the largest humanitarian concern but also possesses major economic, de- graphical and social consequences. AIDS could cause even bigger consequences in the future if the spread of HIV is not stopped. The international community has recognised this necessity by determining the 1 ?ght against AIDS as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs ).

	Contents	5
	List of Figures	7
	List of Tables	8
	Abbreviations and Acronyms	9
	Introduction	11
	The Challenge: A Transnational Response to HIV/ AIDS	15
	2.1 The Epidemiology of HIV	16
	2.1.1 A Typology for Classifying AIDS Epidemics	17
	2.1.2 HIV/AIDS in High-Income Countries	19
	2.1.3 HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle-Income Countries	19
	2.2 National and Transnational Impacts of AIDS	22
	2.2.1 Demographic Impacts of AIDS	23
	2.2.2 The Burden of AIDS	26
	2.2.3 Biological Spillovers of AIDS	28
	2.2.4 Transnational Impacts of AIDS	31
	2.3 Responding to AIDS	33
	2.3.1 The Prevention, Treatment and Care Continuum	33
	2.3.2 The Conceptual Background of International Health- Promoting Public Goods	37
	2.3.3 Definitions	38
	2.3.4 The Concept of Aggregation Technology	39
	2.4 Conclusions	42
	Profiling the Provision Status of Health- Promoting Public Goods Against AIDS	44
	3.1 Key Health-Promoting Public Goods	46
	3.2 The Benchmark Case	49
	3.3 Efficient and Equilibrium Allocations: The Weakest- Link Case	53
	3.3.1 First-Order Condition if i is the Weakest- Link Country	55
	3.3.2 First-Order Condition for all Other Countries j	55
	3.4 Efficient and Equilibrium Allocations: The Best-Shot Case	60
	3.4.1 Applying Hirshleifer’s Analysis to the Case “ Developing a Vaccine”	61
	3.4.2 An Extension of Hirshleifer’s Analysis	64
	3.5 Conclusions	67
	International Transfers	70
	4.1 Unconditional Income Transfers	72
	4.1.1 The Basic Model	73
	4.1.2 Corner Solutions	76
	4.1.3 Cost Differentials	79
	4.1.4 Weakest-Link and Best-Shot Public Goods in the Case of International Assistance	86
	4.1.5 Non-neutrality of Unconditional Income Transfers	94
	4.1.6 Discussion and Policy Recommendations	95
	4.2 In-Kind Transfers	98
	4.2.1 Income or In-Kind Transfers in a Weakest-Link Case	99
	4.2.2 Income or In-Kind Transfers in a Best-Shot Case	103
	4.2.3 A Comparison of Income versus In-Kind Transfers	107
	4.2.4 Discussion: Transferring Income or Giving in Kind?	108
	4.3 Conditional Income Transfers	111
	4.3.1 Allocative Consequences of Subsidies in the Case of “ Knowledge About HIV”	112
	4.3.2 Allocative Consequences of Subsidies in the Case of Alternative Aggregation Technologies	113
	4.3.3 Limits of a Subsidy Mechanism	115
	4.3.4 An Alternative Subsidy Mechanism	117
	4.3.5 Discussion: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Subsidy Mechanism	121
	4.4 Conclusions	121
	Regional Constraints and HIV/AIDS	125
	5.1 The Impact of Regional Constraints on HIV/AIDS	126
	5.1.1 The Relationship Between Missing Access to Water, Sanitation and HIV/ AIDS	126
	5.1.2 The Relationship Between Malnutrition and HIV/AIDS	128
	5.1.3 Discussion: The Role of ODA	129
	5.2 Institutional Considerations	131
	5.3 Conclusions	132
	Summary and Concluding Remarks	134
	Appendices	138
	Appendix A: Providing Unconditional Income Transfers in a Best- Shot Case	138
	Appendix B: Necessary Feasibility Constraint in a Weakest- Link Case	139
	Appendix C: Necessary Feasibility Constraint in a Best-Shot Case	140
	Appendix D: The Effects of a Subsidy in a Framework of Private Provided Public Goods	140
	Appendix E: A Modified Samuelson Condition	143
	References	146
	Index	157