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Abyssal Channels in the Atlantic Ocean Water Structure and Flows

:	Eugene G. Morozov, Alexander N. Demidov, Roman Y. Tarakanov, Walter Zenk
:	Abyssal Channels in the Atlantic Ocean Water Structure and Flows
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9789048193585
:	1
:	CHF 85.40
:

:	Geografie
:	English

:	266
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book is dedicated to the study of structure and transport of deep and bottom waters above and through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations, analysis of historical data, and literature reviews. This approach allows us to understand how water transport and water mass prop- ties have changed over the last years and decades. The focus of our study is on the propagation of bottom waters in the Atlantic Ocean based on new field data at key points. At the end of the 1920s, the first integral study of water masses and bottom topography of the Central and South Atlantic was carried out from the German - search vessel Meteor. This German Atlantic Expedition was one of the first cruises equipped with the newly developed echo sounder (fathometer): an obligatory p- requisite for the investigation of bottom morphology in the deep sea on an - erational base. The results of the expedition were published by Wüst, Defant, and colleagues in the multivolume METEOR publication series starting with the cruise report by the ship's commander (Spiess 1928, 1932). Historically, this series of p- lications, intermittently interrupted by World War II, was the basis for many years of research into the development of modern concepts about Atlantic water masses and their circulation schemes.

	Foreword	4
	Preface	6
	Acknowledgements	13
	Contents	14
	Abbreviations	17
	Chapter 1	19
	Geological and Geophysical Characteristics of the Transform Fault Zones1	19
	1.1 General Description	19
	1.2 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone	20
	1.3 Vema Fracture Zone	23
	1.4 Romanche Fracture Zone	28
	1.5 Chain Fracture Zone	37
	1.6 Vema Channel	39
	Chapter 2	42
	Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic	42
	2.1 General Description	42
	2.2 Antarctic Intermediate Water	49
	2.3 Upper Circumpolar Water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water	52
	2.4 North Atlantic Deep Water	54
	2.5 Lower Circumpolar Water and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, Circumpolar Bottom Water, Southeast Pacific Deep Water, and Warm D	59
	2.6 Antarctic Bottom Water	63
	Chapter 3	68
	Source Regions, Abyssal Pathways, and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin)	68
	3.1 General Description	68
	3.2 Weddell Sea and Weddell Gyre	72
	3.3 Agulhas and Cape Basins	76
	3.4 Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, and Georgia Basin	77
	3.4.1 General Description and Bottom Topography	77
	3.4.2 Deep and Bottom Water Masses and Previous Concepts of Circulation	79
	3.4.3 Analysis of Recent Data	81
	3.5 Antarctic Bottom Water in the Argentine Basin	112
	Chapter 4	116
	Exchange Between the Argentine and Brazil Basins	Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin)
	4.1 General Description	116
	4.2 Vema Channel	119
	4.2.1 Topography and General Description	119
	4.2.2 History of Research and Datasets of Long-Term Observations	121
	4.2.3 Deep and Bottom Waters	126
	4.2.4 Section Along the Channel	126
	4.2.5 Structure of the Flow. Sections Across the Channel	130
	4.2.6 Trends in Potential Temperature and Salinity of the Coldest Bottom Water Observed Since 1972	139
	4.2.7 Salinity Variations	146
	4.2.8 Flow in the Southern Part of the Channel at the Boundary with the Argentine Basin	148
	4.2.9 Moored Observations of Velocities in the Channel	150
	4.2.10 Measurements with the Lowered ADCP	159
	4.2.11 Moored Measurements and Satellite Topography	163
	4.2.12 Temperature Fluctuations and Current Shear in the Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water at the Vema Sill	167
	4.2.13 Suspended Matter in the Channel and Adjacent Slopes of the Rio Grande Rise	176
	4.3 Santos Plateau	183
	4.4 Hunter Channel	188
	Chapter 5	195
	Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin	195
	5.1 Brazil Basin	195
	5.2 Flow in the Guiana Basin and Westward Equatorial Channels	200
	5.3 North American Basin	203
	5.4 Eastward Equatorial Channels. The Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones	205
	5.4.1 Research History	205
	5.4.2 Moored and LADCP Measurements of Currents	206
	5.4.3 CTD-Sections Along and Across the Fracture Zones	211
	5.4.4 Time Variations in Temperature and Salinity	214
	5.4.5 Underwater Cataract in the Chain Fracture Zone	218
	5.5 Vema Fracture Zone	220
	5.5.1 Bottom Topography	220
	5.5.2 Measurements	221
	5.5.3 Structure of Bottom Flow	222
	5.5.4 Bottom Water Transport	227
	5.6 Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic	230
	5.6.1 General Description	230
	5.6.2 Mixing Caused by the Barotropic Tide	234
	5.7 Kane Gap	238
	5.8 Angola Basin	246
	Chapter 6	251
	Flows through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Northern Channels. Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone and Other Fracture Zones1	251
	Integrated Conclusions	259
	References	262