| Nanotechnology Enabled In situ Sensors for Monitoring Health | 3 |
|---|
| Foreword | 7 |
| Preface | 11 |
| Contents | 13 |
| Contributors | 15 |
| Chapter 1: Nanotechnologies for Cancer Sensing and Treatment | 17 |
| 1 Introduction | 18 |
| 2 Growth and Other Characteristics of Tumors | 20 |
| 2.1 Introduction to Tumors | 20 |
| 2.2 Vascularization Process in Tumors (Angiogenesis) | 21 |
| 2.3 Characteristics of Tumor Vascular Structures | 21 |
| 3 Tumor Targeting Methods | 22 |
| 3.1 Passive Targeting | 22 |
| 3.2 Active Targeting | 23 |
| 4 Liposome Nanoparticles | 25 |
| 4.1 Liposomes and their Advantages in Drug Delivery | 25 |
| 4.2 Passive Targeting Liposomes with PEG Coatings | 26 |
| 4.3 Active Targeting with Liposomes | 27 |
| 4.4 Disadvantages of Liposomes | 28 |
| 5 Quantum Dots | 28 |
| 5.1 Properties of Quantum Dots | 28 |
| 5.2 Quantum Dots in Cancer Imaging and Treatment | 30 |
| 5.2.1 Active and Passive Targeting for QDs | 30 |
| 5.2.2 QDs in Drug Delivery and Therapy for Cancers | 31 |
| 5.3 Disadvantages of QDs | 32 |
| 6 Nanoshells | 33 |
| 6.1 Structure of Nanoshells | 33 |
| 6.2 Optical Properties of Gold Nanoshells | 35 |
| 6.3 Nanoshells in Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment | 35 |
| 6.4 Disadvantages of Nanoshells | 36 |
| 7 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (SPMNPs) | 36 |
| 7.1 SPMNPs Used as Magnetic Contrast Agents in MRI | 37 |
| 7.2 SPMNPs in Hyperthermia Treatment for Cancer | 38 |
| 7.3 Magnetic Targeting of SPMNP: Drug Conjugates | 40 |
| 7.4 Disadvantages of SPMNPs | 41 |
| 8 Polymeric Nanoparticles | 41 |
| 8.1 Polymeric Nanoparticle Preparation Methods | 41 |
| 8.1.1 Emulsification Solvent Evaporation Method | 41 |
| 8.1.2 Emulsification-Diffusion Method | 42 |
| 8.1.3 Nanoprecipitation Method | 42 |
| 8.1.4 Salting-out Process | 42 |
| 8.2 Control the Properties of Polymeric Nanoparticles | 43 |
| 8.3 Drug-Loading Methods | 45 |
| 8.4 Drug Release Characteristics and Drug Biodistribution Profiles | 45 |
| 8.5 Disadvantages of Polymeric Nanoparticles | 46 |
| 9 Cancer Biosensors | 46 |
| 10 Conclusions | 48 |
| References | 49 |
| Chapter 2: Monitoring Tissue Healing Through Nanosensors | 56 |
| 1 Introduction | 56 |
| 2 Wireless Medical Monitor Advantages and Disadvantages: The Concept | 57 |
| 3 Implantable Wireless Medical Devices | 60 |
| 3.1 Treating Bone Defects | 60 |
| 3.2 Fundamentals of the Interface Between Sensors and Bone | 62 |
| 3.2.1 Events at the Sensor–Bone Tissue Interface | 62 |
| 3.2.2 Novel Properties of Nanomaterials/Nanotechnology | 63 |
| 3.3 The Role of Sensor Surface Chemistry, Topography, and Energetics on Promoting Cell Recognition and Function | 63 |
| 3.3.1 Surface Chemistry | 64 |
| 3.3.2 Topography and Roughness | 65 |
| 3.3.3 Wettability and Surfaces Energetics | 66 |
| 3.4 Novel Sensor Surfaces: Better Biological Responses and Better Performance | 67 |
| 4 Summary and Remaining Challenges for Wireless Monitoring and Sensing Medical Devices | 70 |
| References | 71 |
