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Varicella-zoster Virus

:	Allison Abendroth, Ann M. Arvin, Jennifer F. Moffat
:	Allison Abendroth, Ann M. Arvin, Jennifer F. Moffat
:	Varicella-zoster Virus
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642127281
:	1
:	CHF 227.10
:

:	Mikrobiologie
:	English

:	378
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book offers a comprehensive review of basic and clinical research on Varicella-zoster Virus, the only human herpesvirus for which vaccines to prevent both primary and recurrent infection are approved.

	Preface	6
	Contents	8
	The Varicella-Zoster Virus Genome	16
	1 Genome Structure and Organization	17
	1.1 VZV Genome	17
	1.2 VZV Genes	18
	1.2.1 VZV Immediate-Early Genes	18
	1.2.2 VZV Genes Encoding Replication Proteins	18
	1.2.3 VZV Genes Encoding Putative Late Proteins	20
	1.2.4 VZV Genes Encoding Glycoproteins	20
	2 Comparative Genomics of VZV and HSV	21
	2.1 Core Proteins Conserved with Herpesviruses in Other Subfamilies	21
	2.2 VZV Functional and Nonfunctional Homologs of HSV Genes	21
	2.3 VZV Genes Not Conserved with HSV	21
	2.4 HSV Genes Not Conserved with VZV	22
	3 Mutagenesis with Cosmids and BACs	22
	3.1 Mutagenesis Using Marker Rescue	22
	3.2 Mutagenesis Using Cosmids	22
	3.3 Mutagenesis Using BACs	23
	3.4 Results of Mutagenesis Studies	23
	3.5 VZV as an Expression Vector	25
	3.6 Use of Genetics to Develop Safer VZV Vaccines	26
	References	26
	VZV Molecular Epidemiology	30
	1 Introduction	31
	1.1 What is Molecular Epidemiology?	31
	1.2 VZV Molecular Epidemiology: The Historical Context	31
	2 Genetic Variation in VZV: Tools for Molecular Epidemiology	32
	2.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms	32
	2.2 Length Polymorphisms of Variable Regions	34
	2.3 Restriction Site Polymorphisms: BglI and PstI Digests	35
	2.4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms	36
	2.5 Genome Sequencing	41
	3 Molecular Epidemiology in Practice	41
	3.1 Varicella-Zoster Virus Evolution and Clades	41
	3.1.1 Mutation and Evolution of VZV	42
	3.1.2 Recombination and VZV Evolution	43
	3.1.3 Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of VZV	43
	3.2 Geographical Spread of VZV Strains	44
	3.3 Molecular Epidemiology and VZV Pathogenesis	47
	3.3.1 Genotyping, Reinfection, and Reactivation	47
	3.3.2 Genotyping and Virulence	48
	3.4 Molecular Epidemiology Transmission and Infection Control	49
	3.5 Molecular Epidemiology of VZV Outbreaks	50
	3.5.1 Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health	51
	4 Summary	52
	References	52
	Roles of Cellular Transcription Factors in VZV Replication	58
	1 Introduction	59
	2 Role of the Eukaryotic Mediator Complex in IE62-Directed Transcriptional Activation	60
	2.1 Mediator	61
	2.2 Physical and Functional Interaction Between Mediator and IE62	62
	2.3 Mapping of the Minimal IE62 TAD	64
	2.4 The IE62 TAD Interacts Directly with MED25	64
	2.5 The IE62 TAD Is Unstructured in the Absence of a Binding Partner	65
	2.6 Future Directions	66
	3 Mechanisms of Activation of the ORF62 Promoter	67
	3.1 HCF-1	67
	3.2 HCF-1 and Chromatin Remodeling	68
	3.3 Future Directions	69
	4 Cellular Transcription Factors and Origin-Dependent DNA Replication	70
	4.1 Interaction of Transcription Factors with the Downstream Region of oriS	72
	4.2 The Sp1/Sp3 Site Is Involved in Origin-Dependent DNA Replication	73
	4.3 Future Directions	73
	5 Summary	74
	References	74
	Effects of Varicella-Zoster Virus on Cell Cycle Regulatory Pathways	81
	1 Introduction	82
	1.1 VZV Tropism for Nondividing Cells	82
	1.2 Characterization of the Cell Cycle in VZV Host Cells	83
	1.3 VZV Dysregulates the Cell Cycle in Human Foreskin Fibroblasts	85
	1.4 Virus and Host DNA Synthesis in VZV-Infected Human Foreskin Fibroblasts	86
	1.5 Concluding Remarks	89
	References	89
	Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 66 Protein Kinase and Its Relationship to Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinases	92
	1 Introduction	93
	2 Genetics	93
	3 ORF66 Structure and Characteristics	94
	4 ORF66 Targets	96
	4.1 Autophosphorylation	96
	4.2 IE62	98
	4.3 Matrin 3	99
	4.4 Histone Deacetylases	100
	5 Cellular and Viral Activities Modulated by the ORF66 Protein Kinase	101
	5.1 MHC-I Surface Presentation	101
	5.2 IFN Signaling	102
	5.3 Apoptosis	103
	6 Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinase Studies that Guide the Search for Roles of ORF66	103
	6.1 US3 Kinases and Inhibition of Apoptosis	104
	6.2 US3 Modulation of HDAC	104
	6.3 Nucleocapsid Egress	105
	6.4 Alteration of the Host Cytoskeleton	106
	7 Concluding Remarks	107
	References	107
	VZV ORF47 Serine Protein Kinase and Its Viral Substrates	112
	1 Introduction	113
	2 Molecular Evolution of VZV and OR