: Ton J. Cleophas, Aeilko H. Zwinderman
: SPSS for Starters
: Springer-Verlag
: 9789048195190
: 1
: CHF 85.50
:
: Nichtklinische Fächer
: English
: 76
: Wasserzeichen/DRM
: PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
: PDF
This small book addresses different kinds of datafiles, as commonly encountered in clinical research, and their data-analysis on SPSS Software. Some 15 years ago serious statistical analyses were conducted by specialist statisticians using ma- frame computers. Nowadays, there is ready access to statistical computing using personal computers or laptops, and this practice has changed boundaries between basic statistical methods that can be conveniently carried out on a pocket calculator and more advanced statistical methods that can only be executed on a computer. Clinical researchers currently perform basic statistics without professional help from a statistician, including t-tests and chi-square tests. With help of user-friendly software the step from such basic tests to more complex tests has become smaller, and more easy to take. It is our experience as masters’ and doctorate class teachers of the European College of Pharmaceutical Medicine (EC Socrates Project Lyon France) that s- dents are eager to master adequate command of statistical software for that purpose. However, doing so, albeit easy, still takes 20–50 steps from logging in to the final result, and all of these steps have to be learned in order for the procedures to be successful.
Chapter 1: Introduction12
Chapter 2: One-Sample Continuous and Binary Data (t-Test, z-Test) (10 and 55 Patients)14
One Sample of Continuous Data14
Analysis: One-Sample t-Test14
One Sample of Binary Data15
Analysis: z-Test15
Chapter 3: Paired Continuous Data (Paired-t, Wilcoxon) (10 Patients)17
Analysis: Paired t-Test18
Alternative Analysis: Wilcoxon19
Chapter 4: Unpaired Continuous Data (Unpaired t-Tests, Mann–Whitney) (20 Patients)20
Analysis: Unpaired t-Test20
Alternative Analysis: Mann–Whitney Test22
Chapter 5: Linear Regression (20 Patients)23
Simple Linear Regression24
Multiple Linear Regression26
Chapter 6: Repeated Measures ANOVA, Friedman (10 Patients)28
Repeated Measurements ANOVA28
Alternative: Friedman Test (Better with Non-Gaussian Distributions)30
Chapter 7: Mixed Models (20 Patients)31
Mixed Effects Analysis33
Chapter 8: One-Way-ANOVA, Kruskall–Wallis (30 Patients)34
One-Way-ANOVA35
Alternative Test: Kruskall–Wallis Test (Better with Non-Gaussian Distributions)35
Chapter 9: Trend Test for Continuous Data (30 Patients)37
Trend Analysis for Continuous Data38
Chapter 10: Unpaired Binary Data (Chi-Square, Crosstabs) (55 Patients)39
Analysis: Chi-square Test41
Chapter 11: Logistic Regression (55 Patients)42
Simple Logistic Regression44
Multiple Logistic Regression45
Chapter 12: Trend Tests for Binary Data (106 Patients)46
Analysis: Multiple Groups Chi-square Test47
Analysis: Chi-square Test for Trends48
Chapter 13: Paired Binary (McNemar Test) (139 General Practitioners)49
Analysis: McNemar’s Test51
Chapter 14: Multiple Paired Binary Data (Cochran’s Q Test) (139 Patients)52
Analysis: Cochran’s Q Test53
Chapter 15: Cox Regression (60 Patients)55
Simple Cox Regression56
Multiple Cox Regression58
Chapter 16: Cox Regression with Time-dependent Variables (60 Patients)59
Simple Cox Regression61
Cox Regression with Time-dependent Variables61
Chapter 17: Validating Qualitative Diagnostic Tests (575 Patients)62
Validating the Qualitative Diagnostic Test63
Chapter 18: Validating Quantitative Diagnostic Tests (17 Patients)66
Validating Quantitative Diagnostic Test66
Chapter 19: Reliability Assessment of Qualitative Diagnostic Tests (17 Patients)68
Analysis: Calculate Cohen’s Kappa69
Chapter 20: Reliability Assessment of Quantitative Diagnostic Tests (17 Patients)70
Intraclass Correlation for Reliability Assessment of Diagnostic Battery70
Chapter 21: Final Remarks72