| Wireless Sensor Networks | 1 |
|---|
| Foreword | 7 |
| Preface | 9 |
| Acknowledgments | 11 |
| Contents | 13 |
| Contributors | 15 |
| Part I Wireless Sensor Networks Design for Deployment | 17 |
| 1 Introduction | 18 |
| 1.1 The Promise and the Challenge of Sensor Networks | 18 |
| 1.1.1 Goals of this Book | 20 |
| 1.1.2 How can this Book Help the Beginner WSN Practitioner? | 20 |
| 1.2 Guide to Using this Book | 22 |
| 1.2.1 Part I: Design Strategies for Deploying Sensor Networks | 22 |
| 1.2.2 Part II: Case Studies | 23 |
| References | 29 |
| 2 Learning from Deployment Experience | 30 |
| 2.1 Illustrating the Problem: Three Deployments | 30 |
| 2.1.1 Bangladesh Groundwater Monitoring, 20061 | 31 |
| 2.1.2 Peru Seismic Station Deployment, 20072 | 33 |
| 2.1.3 WaterWise: Monitoring an Urban Water Distribution System (2008)3 | 36 |
| 2.1.4 Discussion | 38 |
| 2.2 WSN Design Strategies | 39 |
| 2.2.1 From Smart Dust to Today's WSNs | 39 |
| 2.2.2 Design Spaces and Design Views | 42 |
| 2.2.3 Meeting Application Requirements | 45 |
| 2.2.4 The Practical–Theoretical Divide: Open Research Questions and the Value of Deployment | 47 |
| 2.3 Starting Points for Development: Existing Platforms | 49 |
| 2.3.1 End to End WSN Solutions | 49 |
| 2.3.2 Generic Solutions | 51 |
| 2.3.3 Research Platforms | 52 |
| 2.3.4 Discussion | 54 |
| 2.4 Who Is Taking Off: the WSNs or the Market Analysts? | 55 |
| 2.4.1 WSN Forecasts and Gartner's Hype Cycle | 56 |
| 2.4.2 Current and Forthcoming WSN Research and Commercialization Opportunities | 59 |
| 2.5 Summary of Strategic Recommendations | 60 |
| References | 61 |
| 3 Designing for Deployment | 66 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 66 |
| 3.2 The Design for Deployment Process | 67 |
| 3.3 Key Design Parameters | 69 |
| 3.3.1 Sampling Rate and Data Rate | 69 |
| 3.3.1.1 Dealing with a High Data Rate | 70 |
| 3.3.2 Cost | 71 |
| 3.3.3 Network Size and Density | 72 |
| 3.3.4 Deployment Environment | 73 |
| 3.3.5 Deployment Duration | 74 |
| 3.3.6 Target Audience and Interaction Model | 74 |
| 3.4 Iterative Deployment | 75 |
| 3.4.1 The First Deployment Iteration | 76 |
| 3.4.2 The Second Deployment Iteration | 77 |
| 3.4.3 Subsequent Deployments | 78 |
| 3.5 Lessons from the Field | 79 |
| 3.5.1 Development Lessons | 79 |
| 3.5.2 Deployment Lessons | 81 |
| 3.5.3 Learning from the Deployment Experience | 81 |
| 3.6 Summary | 82 |
| Reference | 82 |
| Part II Wireless Sensor Network Applications Case Studies | 83 |
| 4 Volcano Monitoring: Addressing Data QualityThrough Iterative Deployment | 84 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 84 |
| 4.1.1 Overview of Seismoacoustic Monitoring | 85 |
| 4.1.2 Opportunities for Wireless Sensor Networks | 86 |
| 4.1.3 Overview of Three Deployments | 87 |
| 4.1.4 Datum v Dataset Quality | 89 |
| 4.1.5 Structure of this Chapter | 90 |
| 4.2 Sensor Interface Board | 90 |
| 4.2.1 2005 Board Redesign | 92 |
| 4.2.2 Performance and Future Designs | 93 |
| 4.3 Time Synchronization | 94 |
| 4.3.1 Single-Hop Time Synchronization | 95 |
| 4.3.2 Adaptation to Multi-Hop Using FTSP | 95 |
| 4.3.3 Observed FTSP Instabilities | 96 |
| 4.3.3.1 Timestamp Filtering | 98 |
| 4.3.3.2 Timestamp Rectification | 98 |
| 4.3.4 Evaluation | 99 |
| 4.3.4.1 Lab Experiments | 99 |
| 4.3.4.2 Comparison with Broadband Station | 100 |
| 4.3.5 Lessons Learned | 102 |
| 4.4 Event Detection | 103 |
| 4.5 Addressing Storage and Bandwidth Limitations | 105 |
| 4.5.1 Overview of Lance | 106 |
| 4.5.2 Cardinal v Ordinal Utilities | 107 |
| 4.5.3 Utility Functions | 108 |
| 4.5.4 2007 Deployment | 109 |
| 4.5.4.1 RSAM v EWMA Node Level Utility Calculator | 109 |
| 4.6 Policy Modules | 110 |
| 4.6.1 Example Policy Modules | 111 |
| 4.6.2 Evaluation and Use at Tungurahua | 112 |
| 4.7 Optimizing for Energy and Bandwidth Usage | 114 |
| 4.7.1 Refocusing on Energy Usage | 116 |
| 4.7.2 Cost Estimation | 117 |
| 4.7.3 Lance Optimizer | 118 |
| 4.7.4 Evaluation and Results | 119
|
