| Foreword | 8 |
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| Contents | 10 |
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| Contributors | 12 |
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| Bio-Sketches | 16 |
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| Chapter 1: Exploring and Protecting West Africa’s Primates: The Gashaka Primate Project in Context | 20 |
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| The Remote Wilderness of Gashaka | 21 |
| A Fragile Paradise | 24 |
| The Gashaka Primate Project | 26 |
| Research as Conservation | 28 |
| An International Network | 32 |
| Contributions to Primates of Gashaka | 35 |
| Those Who Made It Happen | 40 |
| Looking Towards the Future | 41 |
| Literature | 42 |
| Appendix 1. Climate in Study Areas at Kwano and Gashaka | 43 |
| Summary of Weather Parameters, 2000 – 2008 | 43 |
| Rainfall Pattern | 46 |
| Appendix 2. Publications of the Gashaka Primate Project | 46 |
| Total | 46 |
| Books | 46 |
| Research Articles in Journals | 46 |
| 47 | 46 |
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| Unpublished Reports | 48 |
| PhD Theses (completed) | 48 |
| PhD Theses (expecting completion | working titles)49 |
| Masters Dissertations and Diplomarbeiten | 49 |
| Undergraduate Dissertations | 50 |
| Popular Writing | 53 |
| Documentaries | 54 |
| Appendix 3. Affiliates and Supporters of the Gashaka Primate Project | 54 |
| Core Funding | 54 |
| Cooperation and Logistic Support | 54 |
| Infrastructural Development, in Particular “Power-Island” at Kwano Field Station and Radio Communication Throughout Gashaka Gumti National Park | 55 |
| Webmaster | 56 |
| Volunteers | 56 |
| GPP Field Assistants and Camp Management | 56 |
| Contact | 56 |
| Chapter 2: To Save a Wilderness: The Creation and Development of Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria | 57 |
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| Early Efforts of Protection | 57 |
| From Fragile Reserve to Full-Fledged Park | 64 |
| Future Challenges | 68 |
| Literature | 72 |
| Chapter 3: Hunters, Fire, Cattle: Conservation Challenges in Eastern Nigeria, with Special Reference to Chimpanzees | 73 |
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| Introduction | 74 |
| Materials and Methods | 76 |
| The Taraba Region | 76 |
| Political and Socioeconomic History | 76 |
| Physical Environment and Habitat Types | 77 |
| Gashaka Gumti National Park | 79 |
| Surveys | 79 |
| Results | 82 |
| Potential Northern Distribution: Shebshi Mountains | 82 |
| Southern Distribution: Cameroon Border | 83 |
| Vicinity of the National Park | 84 |
| Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP) | 84 |
| Discussion | 85 |
| Trends of Chimpanzee Distribution | 86 |
| Shebshi Mountains and Northern Distribution | 86 |
| Cameroon Border and Southern Distribution | 86 |
| Park Vicinity | 86 |
| Gashaka Gumti National Park | 86 |
| Hunting, Burning, Grazing: Main Threats to Wildlife | 92 |
| Factors Aiding Conservation | 95 |
| Community-based Approaches | 95 |
| Protected Areas and Law Enforcement | 96 |
| Research | 97 |
| Prospects | 97 |
| Acknowledgements | 98 |
| Literature | 99 |
| Appendix. Narratives of Foot Surveys of Chimpanzee Habitats in the Taraba Region | 102 |
| Cameroon Border (Southern Distribution) | 102 |
| Bissaula | 102 |
| Survey rationale, date and team | 102 |
| Survey narrative | 102 |
| Large mammals | 103 |
| Chimpanzee distribution | 103 |
| Conservation prospects | 103 |
| Zedah / Buru | 103 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 103 |
| Survey Narrative | 104 |
| Large Mammals | 104 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 105 |
| Conservation Prospects | 105 |
| Shebshi Mountains (Potential Northern Distribution) | 106 |
| Dakka | 106 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 106 |
| Survey Narrative | 106 |
| Large Mammals | 106 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 107 |
| Conservation Prospects | 107 |
| Vogel Peak | 107 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 107 |
| Survey Narrative | 107 |
| Large Mammals | 108 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 108 |
| Conservation Prospects | 108 |
| Park Support Zone | 108 |
| Ngel Nyaki | 108 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 108 |
| Survey Narrative | 108 |
| Large Mammals | 109 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 109 |
| Conservation Prospects | 110 |
| Alekum | 110 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 110 |
| Survey Narrative | 110 |
| Large Mammals | 111 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 111 |
| Conservation Prospects | 111 |
| Gashaka Gumti National Park | 111 |
| Chappal Wade to Mambilla Plateau | 111 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 111 |
| Survey Narrative | 112 |
| Large Mammals | 113 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 113 |
| Conservation Prospects | 113 |
| Gamgam Headwaters | 114 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 114 |
| Survey Narrative | 114 |
| Large Mammals | 115 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 116 |
| Conservation prospects | 116 |
| Eastern Enclaves from Chappal Delam to Filinga | 116 |
| Survey Rationale, Date and Team | 116 |
| Survey Narrative | 117 |
| Large Mammals | 117 |
| Chimpanzee Distribution | 117 |
| Conservation Prospects | 117 |
| Chapter 4: Monkeys and Apes as Animals and Humans: Ethno-Primatology in Nigeria’s Taraba Region | 118 |
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| Introduction | 119 |
| Materials and Methods | 122 |
| Results | 126 |
| General Knowledge About Monkeys and Apes | 126 |
| Hunting of Primates | 130 |
| Bush-meat Consumption | 131 |
| Primates as Pets | 134 |
| Attitudes Towards Protection | 135 |
| Primate Populations in Taraba State | 136 |
| Discussion | 137 |
| Reduction of Forest Habitat | 138 |
| Hunting | 138 |
| Pet Trade | 139 |
| Food Taboos | 140 |
| Protected Areas and Law Enforcement | 141 |
| Acknowledgements | 142 |
| Literature | 142 |
| Appendix. Folklore About Chimpanzees and Monkeys in the Taraba Region, Nigeria | 144 |
| Interpreting Naturalistic Behaviour of Chimpanzees | 144 |
| The Meaning of Drumming | 144 |
| Why Chimpanzees Build Nests | 144 |
| The Human Nature of Chimpanzees | 145 |