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Subwavelength and Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers

:	Limin Tong, Michael Sumetsky
:	Subwavelength and Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642033629
:	Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China
:	1
:	CHF 152.00
:

:	Elektronik, Elektrotechnik, Nachrichtentechnik
:	English

:	240
:	DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Subwavelength and Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers provides a comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of research on nanoscale optical fibers including the basic physics and engineering aspects of the fabrication, properties and applications. The book discusses optical micro/nanofibers that represent a perfect fusion of optical fibers and nanotechnology on subwavelength scale and covers a broad range of topics in modern optical engineering, photonics and nanotechnology spanning from fiber optics, near-field optics, nonlinear optics, atom optics to nanofabrication and microphotonic components/devices. It is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of photonics, nanotechnology, optical engineering and materials science.

Dr. Limin Tong is a professor at Department of Optical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation of Zhejiang University, China; Dr. Michael Sumetsky is a researcher at OFS Laboratories, USA.

While the author was at Harvard University, the pioneer work done by him and his colleagues in subwavelength and nanometer diameter optical fibers was reported on by leading magazines and newspapers such as Nature and the New York Times. The author has also been working on the fabrication, characterization and applications of crystal and glass optical fibers for more than 15 years. Research areas of the author include fundamentals of nanophotonics, optical nanostructures, optical fibers, and micro- and nanophotonic devices.

	Title Page	3
	Copyright Page	4
	Preface	5
	Table of Contents	7
	1 Introduction	10
	1.1 A Brief History of Micro- and Nanofibers	10
	1.2 Concepts of MNFs and the Scope of this Book	12
	References	16
	2 Optical Waveguiding Properties of MNFs: Theory and Numerical Simulations	24
	2.1 Basic Guiding Properties of Ideal MNFs	24
	2.1.1 Mathematic Model	24
	2.1.2 Single-mode Condition and Fundamental Modes	26
	2.1.3 Fractional Power Inside the Core and Effective Diameter	31
	2.1.4 Group Velocity and Waveguide Dispersion	34
	2.2 Theory of MNFs with Microscopic Nonuniformities	37
	2.2.1 Basic Equations	37
	2.2.2 Conventional and Adiabatic Perturbation Theory	40
	2.2.3 Transmission Loss Caused by a Weak and Smooth Nonuniformity	41
	2.3 Theory of MNF Tapers	42
	2.3.1 Semiclassical Solution of the Wave Equation in the Adiabatic Approximation and Expression of Radiation Loss	43
	2.3.2 Optics of Light Propagation Along the Adiabatic MNF Tapers	44
	2.3.3 Example of a Conical MNF Taper	45
	2.3.4 Example of a Biconical MNF Taper	47
	2.3.5 Example of an MNF Taper with Distributed Radiation Loss	49
	2.4 The Thinnest MNF Optical Waveguide	51
	2.5 Evanescent Coupling between Parallel MNFs: 3D-FDTD Simulation	52
	2.5.1 Model for FDTD Simulation	53
	2.5.2 Evanescent Coupling between two Identical Silica MNFs	54
	2.5.3 Evanescent Coupling between two Silica MNFs with Different Diameters	59
	2.5.4 Evanescent Coupling between a Silica MNF and a Tellurite MNF	60
	2.6 Endface Output Patterns	62
	2.6.1 MNFs with Flat Endfaces	63
	2.6.2 MNFs with Angled Endfaces	66
	2.6.3 MNFs with Spherical and Tapered Endfaces	68
	2.7 MNF Interferometers and Resonators	69
	2.7.1 MNF Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac Interferometers	69
	2.7.2 MNF Loop Resonators	69
	2.7.3 MNF Coil Resonators	73
	References	78
	3 Fabrication of MNFs	82
	3.1 Taper Drawing Techniques	83
	3.2 Taper-drawing Fabrication of Glass MNFs	86
	3.2.1 Taper Grawing MNFs Rom Glass Fibers	87
	3.2.2 Drawing MNFs Directly from Bulk Glasses	98
	3.3 Drawing Polymer MNFs from Solutions	100
	References	103
	4 Properties of MNFs: Experimental Investigations	107
	4.1 Micro/Nanomanipulation and Mechanical Properties of MNFs	107
	4.1.1 Visibility of MNFs	108
	4.1.2 MNF Manipulation	109
	4.1.3 Tensile Strengths of MNFs	115
	4.2 Optical Properties	117
	4.2.1 Optical Losses	117
	4.2.2 Effect of the Substrate	127
	References	130
	5 MNF-based Photonic Components and Devices	133
	5.1 Linear Waveguides and Waveguide Bends	134
	5.1.1 Linear Waveguides	134
	5.1.2 Waveguide Bends	141
	5.2 Micro-couplers, Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac Interferometers	143
	5.2.1 Micro-couplers	143
	5.2.2 Mach-Zehnder Interferometers	146
	5.2.3 Sagnac Interferometers	149
	5.3 MNF Loop and Coil Resonators	150
	5.3.1 MNF Loop Resonator (MLR) Fabricated by Macro-Manipulation	150
	5.3.2 Knot MLR Fabricated by Micro-Manipulation	154
	5.3.3 Experimental Demonstration of MCR	155
	5.4 MNF Filters	159
	5.4.1 Short-Pass Filters	159
	5.4.2 Add-Drop Filters	162
	5.5 MNF Lasers	165
	5.5.1 Modeling MNF Ring Lasers	167
	5.5.2 Numerical Simulation of Er3+ and Yb3+ Doped MNF Ring Lasers	173
	5.5.3 Er3+ and Yb3+ Codoped MNF Ring Lasers	178
	5.5.4 Evanescent-Wave-Coupled MNF Dye Lasers	182
	References	186
	6 Micro/nanofiber Optical Sensors	194
	6.1 Introduction	194
	6.2 Application of a Straight MNF for Sensing	196
	6.2.1 Microfluidic Refractive Index MNF Sensor	197
	6.2.2 Hydrogen MNF Sensor	197
	6.2.3 Molecular Absorption MNF Sensor	199
	6.2.4 Humidity and Gas Polymer MNF Sensor	200
	6.2.5 Optical Fiber Surface MNF Sensor	203
	6.2.6 Atomic Fluorescence MNF Sensor	203
	6.3 Application of Looped and Coiled MNF for Sensing	205
	6.3.1 Ultra-Fast Direct Contact Gas Temperature Sensor	207
	6.3.2 MCR Microfluidic Sensor	209
	6.4 Resonant Photonic Sensors Using MNFs for Input and Output Connections	209
	6.4.1 MNF/Microsphere and MNF/Microdisk Sensor	210
	6.4.2 MNF/Microcylinder and MNF/Microcapillary Sensors .	215
	6.4.3 Multiple-Cavity Sensors Supported by MNFs	217
	6.5 Summary	219
	References	219
	7 More Applications	222
	7.1 Optical Nonlinear Effects in MNFs	222
	7.2 MNFs for Atom Optics	226
	7.3 Other Applications	229
	References	229
	Index	232