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In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons and Electrons Scattering

:	Antonio J. Ramirez, Yu-ichi Komizo, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, Thomas Kannengiesser
:	Thomas Kannengiesser, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, Yu-ichi Komizo, Antonio Ramirez
:	In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons and Electrons Scattering
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642147944
:	1
:	CHF 85.90
:

:	Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
:	English

:	204
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

It addresses the following items:

- Phase detection and quantification

- In-situ welding experiments

- Stress/strain build-up

- Model development and Simulation

- Analysis tools and programming

	In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons and ElectronsScattering	2
	Preface	4
	Contents	7
	1 In Situ Study of Phase Transformation in Steel During Welding	11
	1…Introduction	11
	2…In Situ Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Using a Synchrotron	11
	3…In Situ Observation by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM)	13
	4…In Situ Observation System in Real and Reciprocal Lattice Space	15
	5…Summary	19
	6…Future Works	20
	Acknowledgements	20
	References	20
	2 In Situ Studies of Phase Transformation and Residual Stresses in LTT Alloys During Welding Using Synchrotron Radiation	22
	Abstract	22
	1…Introduction	23
	2…Material	24
	3…Experimental	25
	3.1 Welding and Diffraction Setup	25
	3.2 Temperature Acquisition	28
	3.3 Residual Stress Measurement	28
	4…Results	29
	4.1 Phase Transformation	29
	4.2 Residual Stresses	31
	5…Summary	33
	Acknowledgements	34
	References	34
	3 In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy High Temperature Deformation Experiments to Study Ductility Dip Cracking of Ni--Cr--Fe Alloys	36
	Abstract	36
	1…Introduction	37
	2…Experimental Setup	38
	2.1 Materials and Sampling	38
	2.2 In Situ Test	40
	3…Results and Discussion	41
	3.1 DDC Susceptibility Quantification	41
	3.2 Grain Boundary Sliding Quantification	43
	3.3 Strain Quantification and Mapping	45
	4…Conclusions	46
	Acknowledgements	47
	References	47
	4 Grain Nucleation and Growth of Individual Austenite and Ferrite Grains Studied by 3DXRD Microscopy at the ESRF	49
	Abstract	49
	1…Introduction	49
	2…3DXRD Microscopy	51
	2.1 Introduction	51
	2.2 Experimental Method Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy	53
	2.2.1 Data Acquisition Strategy	54
	Energy of the X-Ray Beam	54
	Choice of Beam Size in Relation to Grain Size	55
	Specimen Geometry	56
	Sample-to-Detector Distance	57
	Sample Thickness	57
	Integration Time and Integration Angle (‘‘Chopping’’ of Diffraction Spots)	57
	2.3 3DXRD Furnace	57
	2.3.1 Placing the Specimen in Center of Rotation	58
	2.4 Theory of Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy	60
	2.4.1 Diffracted Intensity from a Small Single Crystal	60
	2.4.2 Diffracted Intensity From a Powder	62
	2.4.3 Calculation of the Grain Volume From the Measured Intensities	62
	2.4.4 Spot Broadening	62
	2.5 Computational Method	63
	2.5.1 Single Grain Analysis	65
	2.5.2 Powder Analysis	66
	2.6 Nucleus Density	67
	3…Nucleation Theory	68
	4…Examples-Solid-State Nucleation and Grain Growth During Phase Transformations	69
	4.1 Austenite to Ferrite Transformation	69
	4.1.1 3DXRD Measurements and Nucleation Modeling	69
	4.1.2 Grain Growth During Solid-State Phase Transformations	72
	4.1.3 Comparing Different Steel Compositions	74
	4.2 Ferrite/Pearlite-to-Austenite Transformation	75
	4.2.1 Nucleation	76
	4.2.2 Growth	78
	5…Outlook	79
	Acknowledgments	80
	References	80
	5 Direct Analysis of Solidification-Mode During Welding for the Assessment of Hot-Cracking	84
	Abstract	84
	1…Introduction	84
	2…Experimental Procedure	85
	3…Result and Discussion	86
	4…Conclusions	90
	Acknowledgements	90
	References	90
	6 In Situ Synchrotron Study of Inclusions in the Weld Pool for the Assessment of Nucleation Potency of Acicular Ferrite	91
	Abstract	91
	1…Introduction	91
	2…Experimental Procedure	92
	3…Results and Discussion	94
	4…Conclusion	97
	Acknowledgments	99
	References	99
	7 Characterization of Solid State Phase Transformation in Continuously Heated and Cooled Ferritic Weld Metal	101
	1…Introduction	101
	2…Experimental Procedure	102
	3…Calculation of Phase Fraction of Austenite and Ferrite as a Function of Temperature	104
	4…Results	105
	4.1 Chemical Composition	105
	4.2 Weld Microstructure Characterization	105
	4.3 X-Ray Synchrotron Characterization	106
	5…Discussion	109
	5.1 Diffusion Controlled Growth Simulation of Gamma from Delta During Cooling	109
	5.2 Compositional Heterogeneity in Delta Due to Faster Heating Rate	110
	5.3 Compositional Inhomogeneity in Delta Ferrite Due to Difference in Heating Rates	111
	5.4 Effect of Cooling Rates on Compositional Heterogeneity	112
	6…Conclusions	115
	References	116
	8 In Situ Determination of Phase Transformations and Structural Changes During Non-Equilibrium Material Processing	118
	Abstract	118
	1…Introduction	118
	2…Technique for Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis	120
	2.1 In Situ Phase Transformation Studies by SS DTA	124
	2.2 In Situ CCT Diagram in HSLA100 WeldsIn situ CCT Diagram in HSLA100 Welds	124
	2.3 Solidification Behavior in High Chromium Ni-Base Filler MetalsSolidification Behavior in High Chromium Ni-base Filler Metals	128
	2.4 Phase Transformations During Friction Stir Processing of Ti5111Phase Transformations during Friction Stir Processing of Ti5111	133
	3…Summary and Conclusions	135
	Acknowledgments	136
	References	136
	9 In Situ Phase Transformation Studies on a Transformation Induced Plasticity Steel Under Simulated Weld Thermal Cycles Using Synchrotron Diffraction	137
	Abstract	137
	1…Introduction	138
	2…Experimental Procedure	139
	3…Results	141
	Characteristics of Base Metal Steel Sample	141
	Thermal Cycle Applied During This Study	143
	Phase Transformation Kinetics During Heating	144
	Phase Transformation Kinetics During Cooling	147
	Transformation of Austenite During Room Temperature Holding	148
	4…Discussions	149
	5…Conclusions	151
	Ackn